Bougault Valérie, Drouard François, Legall Franck, Dupont Grégory, Wallaert Benoit
*Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Lille, EA7369, URePSSS Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société, Lille, France;†LOSC Lille, Research Department, Lille, France; and‡CHU Lille, Service de Pneumologie et immuno-allergologie, Hôpital Calmette et Université de Lille 2, France.
Clin J Sport Med. 2017 Sep;27(5):450-456. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000393.
A high prevalence of respiratory allergies and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) has been reported among endurance athletes. This study was designed to analyze the frequency of sensitization to respiratory allergens and EIB in young soccer players.
Prospective cohort design.
Youth academy and reserve professional soccer team during the seasons 2012 to 2013 and 2013 to 2014.
Eighty-five soccer players (mean age: 20 ± 4 years) participated.
Players underwent skin prick tests (SPTs) during the seasons 2012 to 2013 and 2013 to 2014. Spirometry and a eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea test were performed on soccer players during the first season 2012 to 2013 (n = 51) to detect EIB. Two self-administered questionnaires on respiratory history and allergic symptoms (European Community Respiratory Health Survey and Allergy Questionnaire for Athletes) were also distributed during both seasons (n = 59).
The number of positive SPTs, exercise-induced respiratory symptoms, presence of asthma, airway obstruction, and EIB.
Forty-nine percent of players were sensitized to at least one respiratory allergen, 33% reported an allergic disease, 1 player presented airway obstruction at rest, and 16% presented EIB. Factors predictive of EIB were self-reported exercise-induced symptoms and sensitization to at least 5 allergens.
Questioning players about exercise-induced respiratory symptoms and allergies as well as spirometry at the time of the inclusion medical checkup would improve management of respiratory health of soccer players and would constitute inexpensive preliminary screening to select players requiring indirect bronchial provocation test or SPTs.
This study showed that despite low frequencies, EIB and allergies are underdiagnosed and undertreated in young soccer players.
据报道，耐力运动员中呼吸道过敏和运动诱发支气管收缩（EIB）的患病率较高。本研究旨在分析年轻足球运动员对呼吸道过敏原致敏和EIB的发生频率。
前瞻性队列研究。
2012年至2013赛季以及2013年至2014赛季的青年足球学院和职业足球预备队。
85名足球运动员（平均年龄：20±4岁）参与。
运动员在2012年至2013赛季以及2013年至2014赛季接受皮肤点刺试验（SPT）。在2012年至2013赛季首个赛季对足球运动员进行肺功能测定和等容性自愿过度通气试验（n = 51）以检测EIB。在两个赛季中还发放了两份关于呼吸病史和过敏症状的自填问卷（欧洲共同体呼吸健康调查和运动员过敏问卷）（n = 59）。
SPT阳性数、运动诱发的呼吸道症状、哮喘的存在、气道阻塞和EIB。
49%的运动员对至少一种呼吸道过敏原致敏，33%报告患有过敏性疾病，1名运动员在静息时出现气道阻塞，16%出现EIB。EIB的预测因素是自我报告的运动诱发症状和对至少5种过敏原致敏。
在入选体检时询问运动员运动诱发的呼吸道症状和过敏情况以及进行肺功能测定，将改善足球运动员的呼吸健康管理，并将构成一种廉价的初步筛查方法，以选择需要进行间接支气管激发试验或SPT的运动员。
本研究表明，尽管发生率较低，但年轻足球运动员中的EIB和过敏诊断不足且治疗不足。
