Fältström Anne, Skillgate Eva, Weiss Nathan, Källberg Henrik, Lyberg Victor, Waldén Markus, Hägglund Martin, Asker Martin, Tranaeus Ulrika
Department of Health Promotion Science, Musculoskeletal & Sports Injury Epidemiology Center, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022 Dec 14;14(1):212. doi: 10.1186/s13102-022-00603-1.
Normative values of lifestyle characteristics in adolescent female football players may be used by clinicians and coaches to take actions because the potential important for well-being, performance on the pitch, and risk of injury. The aim was to report descriptive characteristics of lifestyle factors in adolescent female football players and potential changes over 1 year.
We included 419 adolescent competitive female football players from 12 clubs and 27 teams (age 14 ± 1 years, range 12-17 years) and 286 were followed over 1 year. The players completed an extensive questionnaire regarding demographics, football-related factors, and lifestyle factors including tobacco consumption, alcohol use, medicine intake, eating and sleeping habits, well-being, stress, coping, and passion. Baseline data are presented for the total cohort and separately for 4 age groups (12, 13, 14, and 15-17 years).
12% skipped breakfast, 8% skipped lunch and 11% used protein supplements several days per week. 16% slept less than 8 h/night, 8% had impaired sleep with daytime consequences, and 22% stated that they were tired in daily activities several days per week. 32% experienced stress some or most days/week and 24% were classified as having psychological distress. Medicine intake (23% vs. 34%), skipping breakfast or lunch several days per week (10% vs. 47% and 20 vs. 33%), tiredness (20% vs. 27%), stress (26% vs. 40%), and psychological distress (27% vs. 37%) increased significantly (P = 0.031 to < 0.001) at the 1-year follow-up.
Many adolescent female football players skip breakfast and lunch, have insufficient sleep, experience stress and are classified as having psychological distress. These factors increased over 1 year.
临床医生和教练可利用青少年女子足球运动员生活方式特征的规范值采取行动，因为这些特征对幸福感、场上表现和受伤风险可能具有重要意义。本研究旨在报告青少年女子足球运动员生活方式因素的描述性特征以及1年内的潜在变化。
我们纳入了来自12个俱乐部和27支球队的419名青少年女子足球运动员（年龄14±1岁，范围12 - 17岁），其中286名运动员接受了为期1年的随访。运动员们完成了一份关于人口统计学、足球相关因素以及生活方式因素的详细问卷，这些因素包括烟草消费、饮酒、药物摄入、饮食和睡眠习惯、幸福感、压力、应对方式和热情。呈现了整个队列的基线数据，并按4个年龄组（12岁、13岁、14岁和15 - 17岁）分别列出。
12%的人不吃早餐，8%的人不吃午餐，11%的人每周有几天使用蛋白质补充剂。16%的人每晚睡眠时间不足8小时，8%的人睡眠质量受损并对白天产生影响，22%的人表示每周有几天在日常活动中感到疲倦。32%的人每周有几天或大部分时间感到压力，24%的人被归类为有心理困扰。在1年的随访中，药物摄入（23%对34%）、每周有几天不吃早餐或午餐（10%对47%和20%对33%）、疲倦（20%对27%）、压力（26%对40%）和心理困扰（27%对37%）显著增加（P = 0.031至<0.001）。
许多青少年女子足球运动员不吃早餐和午餐，睡眠不足，感到压力并被归类为有心理困扰。这些因素在1年内有所增加。
