Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Agroscope, Swiss Soil Monitoring Network (NABO) , Zürich, Switzerland.
Environ Sci Technol. 2017 Sep 19;51(18):10642-10651. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02529. Epub 2017 Sep 6.
For polar and more degradable pesticides, not many data on long-term persistence in soil under field conditions and real application practices exist. To assess the persistence of pesticides in soil, a multiple-compound screening method (log K 1.7-5.5) was developed based on pressurized liquid extraction, QuEChERS and LC-HRMS. The method was applied to study 80 polar pesticides and >90 transformation products (TPs) in archived topsoil samples from the Swiss Soil Monitoring Network (NABO) from 1995 to 2008 with known pesticide application patterns. The results reveal large variations between crop type and field sites. For the majority of the sites 10-15 pesticides were identified with a detection rate of 45% at concentrations between 1 and 330 μg/kg in soil. Furthermore, TPs were detected in 47% of the cases where the "parent-compound" was applied. Overall, residues of about 80% of all applied pesticides could be detected with half of these found as TPs with a persistence of more than a decade.
对于极性和更易降解的农药，在田间条件下和实际应用实践中，关于其在土壤中的长期持久性的数据并不多。为了评估农药在土壤中的持久性，开发了一种基于加压液体提取、QuEChERS 和 LC-HRMS 的多化合物筛选方法（log K 1.7-5.5）。该方法应用于研究从 1995 年至 2008 年瑞士土壤监测网络（NABO）存档的表层土壤样本中 80 种极性农药和>90 种转化产物（TPs），这些样本具有已知的农药施用模式。结果显示出作物类型和田间地点之间存在很大差异。对于大多数地点，在浓度为 1 至 330 μg/kg 的土壤中，用检测率为 45%的方法鉴定出 10-15 种农药。此外，在施用“母体化合物”的 47%的情况下，检测到 TPs。总体而言，约 80%的所有施用农药的残留都可以被检测到，其中一半被发现为持久性超过十年的 TPs。
