Honert Carolina, Mauser Ken, Jäger Ursel, Brühl Carsten A
iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 21;15(1):1817. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84811-4.
Current use pesticides (CUPs) are recognised as the largest deliberate input of bioactive substances into terrestrial ecosystems and one of the main factors responsible for the current decline in insects in agricultural areas. To quantify seasonal insect exposure in the landscape at a regional scale (Rhineland-Palatine in Germany), we analysed the presence of multiple (93) active ingredients in CUPs across three different agricultural cultivation types (with each three fields: arable, vegetable, viticulture) and neighbouring meadows. We collected monthly soil and vegetation samples over a year. A total of 71 CUP residues in different mixtures was detected, with up to 28 CUPs in soil and 25 in vegetation in single samples. The concentrations and numbers of CUPs in vegetation fluctuated over the sampling period, peaking in the summer months in the vegetation but remaining almost constant in topsoil. We calculated in-field additive risks for earthworms, collembola, and soil-living wild bees using the measured soil concentrations of CUPs. Our results call for the need to assess CUP mixture risks at low concentrations, as multiple residues are chronically present in agricultural areas. Since this risk is not addressed in regulation, we emphasise the urgent need to implement global pesticide reduction targets.
目前使用的农药（CUPs）被认为是向陆地生态系统中有意投入的最大量生物活性物质，也是导致当前农业地区昆虫数量下降的主要因素之一。为了在区域尺度上（德国莱茵兰 - 普法尔茨州）量化景观中昆虫的季节性暴露情况，我们分析了三种不同农业种植类型（每种类型有三块田地：耕地、蔬菜地、葡萄园）以及相邻草地中CUPs里多种（93种）活性成分的存在情况。我们在一年时间里每月采集土壤和植被样本。共检测到71种不同混合物中的CUP残留，单个样本中土壤里最多有28种CUPs，植被中有25种。在采样期间，植被中CUPs的浓度和数量有所波动，在夏季达到峰值，但表土中的含量几乎保持不变。我们利用测得的土壤中CUPs浓度计算了对蚯蚓、弹尾虫和生活在土壤中的野生蜜蜂的田间累积风险。我们的研究结果表明需要评估低浓度下CUP混合物的风险，因为农业地区长期存在多种残留。由于法规未涉及这种风险，我们强调迫切需要实施全球农药减量目标。
