Atabani A E, Mercimek S M, Arvindnarayan Sundaram, Shobana Sutha, Kumar Gopalakrishnan, Cadir Mehmet, Al-Muhatseb Ala'a H
a Energy Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey.
b Department of Mechanical Engineering , R.M.K. Engineering College , Tamil Nadu , India.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2018 Mar;68(3):196-214. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2017.1367738.
In this study, recycling of spent coffee grounds (SCG) as a potential feedstock for alternative fuel production and compounds of added value in Turkey was assessed. The average oil content was found (≈ 13% w/w). All samples (before and after extraction) were tested for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), calorific value, surface analysis and porosity, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and elemental analysis to assess their potential towards fuel properties. Elemental analysis indicated that carbon represents the highest percentages (49.59% and 46.42%, respectively), followed by nitrogen (16.7% and 15.5%), hydrogen (6.74% and 6.04%), and sulfur (0.851% and 0.561%). These results indicate that SCG can be utilized as compost, as it is rich in nitrogen. Properties of the extracted oil were examined, followed by biodiesel production. The quality of biodiesel was compared with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D6751 standards, and all the properties complied with standard specifications. The fatty acid compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography. It was observed that coffee waste methyl ester (CWME) is mainly composed of palmitic (35.8%) and arachidic (44.6%) acids, which are saturated fatty acids. The low degree of unsaturation provides an excellent oxidation stability (10.4 hr). CWME has also excellent cetane number, higher heating value, and iodine value with poor cold flow properties. The studies also investigated blending of biodiesel with Euro diesel and butanol. Following this, a remarkable improvement in cloud and pour points of biodiesel was obtained. Spent coffee grounds after oil extraction is an ideal material for garden fertilizer, feedstock for ethanol, biogas production, and as fuel pellets. The outcome of such research work produces valuable insights on the recycling importance of SCG in Turkey.
Coffee is a huge industry, and coffee has been widely used due to its refreshing properties. This industry generates large quantities of waste. Therefore, recycling of spent coffee grounds for producing alternative fuels and compounds of added value is crucial. Elemental analysis indicated that coffee waste can be utilized as compost, as it is rich in nitrogen. Coffee waste after oil extraction is an ideal feedstock for ethanol and biogas production, garden fertilizer, and as fuel pellets. The low degree of unsaturation provides excellent oxidation stability. Its biodiesel has also excellent cetane number, higher heating value, and lower iodine value.
在本研究中，评估了将废弃咖啡渣（SCG）作为土耳其替代燃料生产和增值化合物的潜在原料进行回收利用的情况。发现平均含油量约为13%（重量/重量）。对所有样品（萃取前后）进行了扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、热重分析（TGA）、X射线衍射（XRD）、热值、表面分析和孔隙率、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）以及元素分析，以评估它们作为燃料的潜力。元素分析表明，碳的含量最高（分别为49.59%和46.42%），其次是氮（16.7%和15.5%）、氢（6.74%和6.04%）以及硫（0.851%和0.561%）。这些结果表明，由于SCG富含氮，可作为堆肥使用。对萃取油的性质进行了检测，随后进行了生物柴油的生产。将生物柴油的质量与美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）D6751标准进行了比较，所有性质均符合标准规格。通过气相色谱法分析了脂肪酸组成。观察到咖啡废料甲酯（CWME）主要由棕榈酸（35.8%）和花生酸（44.6%）组成，它们都是饱和脂肪酸。不饱和度低提供了优异的氧化稳定性（10.4小时）。CWME还具有优异的十六烷值、较高的热值和碘值，但其低温流动性能较差。研究还调查了生物柴油与欧陆柴油和丁醇的混合情况。在此之后，生物柴油的浊点和倾点有了显著改善。萃取油后的废弃咖啡渣是花园肥料、乙醇原料、沼气生产以及燃料颗粒的理想材料。此类研究工作的成果为SCG在土耳其的回收利用重要性提供了有价值的见解。
咖啡是一个庞大的产业，由于其提神特性而被广泛使用。这个产业产生大量废弃物。因此，回收废弃咖啡渣以生产替代燃料和增值化合物至关重要。元素分析表明，咖啡废料可作为堆肥使用，因为它富含氮。萃取油后的咖啡废料是乙醇和沼气生产、花园肥料以及燃料颗粒的理想原料。不饱和度低提供了优异的氧化稳定性。其生物柴油还具有优异的十六烷值、较高的热值和较低的碘值。
