Inguva Sushmitha, Sautter Jessica M, Chun Grace J, Patterson Brandon J, McGhan William F
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2017 Nov-Dec;57(6):654-660. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2017.07.007. Epub 2017 Aug 19.
To examine the population characteristics associated with the health behavior of receiving an influenza vaccine from a pharmacy-based setting.
Secondary analysis of data from states that participated in an optional influenza module in the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based observational survey of U.S. adults.
Analytic sample of 28,954 respondents from 8 states and Puerto Rico who reported receiving an influenza vaccination in the past year.
The main outcome was a self-reported categoric variable indicating the setting of the most recent seasonal influenza vaccination: doctor's office, pharmacy-based store, or other setting.
Multinomial logistic regression results showed that environmental, predisposing, enabling, and need factors in the Andersen model were salient features associated with odds of using pharmacy-based influenza vaccination settings instead of a doctor's office. Residents of states that allowed pharmacists as immunizers before 1999 reported greater use of pharmacy-based store settings (odds ratio [OR] 1.31). Compared with young adults, individuals 65 years of age and older were more likely to choose a pharmacy-based store than a doctor's office (OR 1.41) and less likely to use other community settings (OR 0.45). Compared with non-Hispanic whites, black respondents were less likely to use pharmacy-based store vaccination (OR 0.51), and multiracial and Hispanic respondents were more likely to use other settings (ORs 1.47 and 1.60, respectively). Enabling and need factors were also associated with setting.
Based on this dataset of selected states from 2014, almost one-fourth of U.S. adults who reported receiving an annual influenza vaccination did so from a pharmacy-based store; 35% reported using other community-based settings that may enlist pharmacists as immunizers. There were striking disparities in use of nontraditional vaccination settings by age and race or ethnicity. Pharmacists and pharmacies should address missed opportunities for vaccination by targeting outreach efforts based on environmental and predisposing characteristics.
研究与在药房环境中接种流感疫苗的健康行为相关的人群特征。
对参与2014年行为危险因素监测系统中一个可选流感模块的州的数据进行二次分析，这是一项基于州的美国成年人观察性调查。
来自8个州和波多黎各的28954名受访者的分析样本，他们报告在过去一年中接种了流感疫苗。
主要结局是一个自我报告的分类变量，表明最近一次季节性流感疫苗接种的地点：医生办公室、药房或其他地点。
多项逻辑回归结果显示，安德森模型中的环境、易患因素、促成因素和需求因素是与使用药房流感疫苗接种地点而非医生办公室的几率相关的显著特征。1999年之前允许药剂师作为免疫接种者的州的居民报告更多地使用药房地点（优势比[OR]1.31）。与年轻人相比，65岁及以上的个体更有可能选择药房而不是医生办公室（OR 1.41），并且使用其他社区地点的可能性较小（OR 0.45）。与非西班牙裔白人相比，黑人受访者使用药房接种疫苗的可能性较小（OR 0.51），多种族和西班牙裔受访者更有可能使用其他地点（分别为OR 1.47和1.60）。促成因素和需求因素也与地点相关。
基于2014年选定州的这个数据集，近四分之一报告每年接种流感疫苗的美国成年人是在药房进行接种的；35%报告使用其他可能会让药剂师作为免疫接种者的社区地点。在非传统疫苗接种地点的使用上，年龄、种族或族裔存在显著差异。药剂师和药房应根据环境和易患特征进行外展努力，以解决错过的疫苗接种机会。
