安慰剂和反安慰剂效应中性别差异的系统评价。
A systematic review of sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect.
作者信息
Vambheim Sara M, Flaten Magne Arve
机构信息
Department of Psychology, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø.
Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
出版信息
J Pain Res. 2017 Jul 31;10:1831-1839. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S134745. eCollection 2017.
OBJECTIVES
The present review investigated whether there are systematic sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted in multiple electronic databases. Studies were included if the study compared a group or condition where a placebo was administered to a natural history group or similar cohort.
RESULTS
Eighteen studies were identified - 12 on placebo effects and 6 on nocebo effects. Chi-square tests revealed that 1) males responded more strongly to placebo treatment, and females responded more strongly to nocebo treatment, and 2) males responded with larger placebo effects induced by verbal information, and females responded with larger nocebo effects induced by conditioning procedures.
CONCLUSION
This review indicates that there are sex differences in the placebo and nocebo effects, probably caused by sex differences in stress, anxiety, and the endogenous opioid system.
目的
本综述调查了安慰剂和反安慰剂效应中是否存在系统性的性别差异。
方法
在多个电子数据库中进行文献检索。如果研究将接受安慰剂治疗的组或情况与自然史组或类似队列进行比较，则纳入该研究。
结果
共识别出18项研究——12项关于安慰剂效应，6项关于反安慰剂效应。卡方检验显示：1）男性对安慰剂治疗反应更强，女性对反安慰剂治疗反应更强；2）男性对言语信息诱导的安慰剂效应反应更大，女性对条件作用程序诱导的反安慰剂效应反应更大。
结论
本综述表明，安慰剂和反安慰剂效应存在性别差异，可能是由压力、焦虑和内源性阿片系统的性别差异所致。
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