Palma Mariana, Alves Susana P, Hernández-Castellano Lorenzo E, Capote Juan, Castro Noemí, Argüello Anastasio, Matzapetakis Manolis, Bessa Rui J B, de Almeida André M
ITQB NOVA - Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier,Universidade Nova de Lisboa,Oeiras,Portugal.
CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal,Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa,Lisboa,Portugal.
J Dairy Res. 2017 Aug;84(3):264-271. doi: 10.1017/S0022029917000371.
Goat dairy products are an important source of animal protein in the tropics. During the dry season, pasture scarcity leads animals to lose up to 40% of their body weight, a condition known as Seasonal Weight Loss (SWL) that is one of the major constraints in ruminant production. Breeds with high tolerance to SWL are relevant to understand the physiological responses to pasture scarcity so they could be used in programs for animal breeding. In the Canary Islands there are two dairy goat breeds with different levels of tolerance to SWL: the Palmera, susceptible to SWL; and the Majorera, tolerant to SWL. Fat is one of the milk components most affected by environmental and physiological conditions. This study hypothesises that feed-restriction affects Majorera and Palmera breeds differently, leading to different fatty acid profiles in the mammary gland and milk. An interaction between breed and feed-restriction was observed in the mammary gland. Feed-restriction was associated with an increase in oleic acid and a decrease in palmitic acid percentage in the Palmera breed whereas no differences were observed in the Majorera breed. Palmitic and oleic acids together constituted around 60% of the total fatty acids identified, which suggests that Palmera breed is more susceptible to SWL. In milk, feed-restriction affected both breeds similarly. Regarding the interaction of the breed with the treatment, we also observed similar responses in both breeds, but this influence affects only around 2% of the total fatty acids. In general, Majorera breed is more tolerant to feed-restriction.
山羊乳制品是热带地区动物蛋白的重要来源。在旱季，牧场稀缺导致动物体重减轻多达40%，这种情况被称为季节性体重减轻（SWL），是反刍动物生产的主要限制因素之一。对SWL具有高耐受性的品种对于了解对牧场稀缺的生理反应很重要，因此它们可用于动物育种计划。在加那利群岛有两种对SWL耐受性不同的奶山羊品种：易受SWL影响的帕尔梅拉品种；以及对SWL具有耐受性的马约雷拉品种。脂肪是受环境和生理条件影响最大的乳成分之一。本研究假设饲料限制对马约雷拉和帕尔梅拉品种的影响不同，导致乳腺和乳汁中脂肪酸谱不同。在乳腺中观察到品种与饲料限制之间的相互作用。饲料限制与帕尔梅拉品种中油酸增加和棕榈酸百分比降低有关，而在马约雷拉品种中未观察到差异。棕榈酸和油酸一起约占鉴定出的总脂肪酸的60%，这表明帕尔梅拉品种更容易受到SWL的影响。在乳汁中，饲料限制对两个品种的影响相似。关于品种与处理的相互作用，我们在两个品种中也观察到了类似的反应，但这种影响仅占总脂肪酸的约2%。总体而言，马约雷拉品种对饲料限制的耐受性更强。
