Boegemann Martin, Aydin Ahmet Murat, Bagrodia Aditya, Krabbe Laura-Maria
a Department of Urology , University of Muenster Medical Center , Muenster , Germany.
b Department of Urology , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA.
Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2017 Nov;17(11):1417-1431. doi: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1366445. Epub 2017 Aug 23.
With recent advances in immunooncology and the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors into clinical practice for many cancers, the treatment landscape of urothelial carcinoma has changed dramatically and will continue to change further. Currently, a number of compounds and combinations are under investigation in numerous clinical trials and various clinical scenarios for bladder cancer. Areas covered: In this review, the authors provide an overview of the history and rationale for immunotherapy in bladder cancer. They also provide the currently available data evaluating checkpoint inhibitors for bladder cancer, and discuss ongoing trials and future perspectives for urothelial carcinoma treatment. Expert opinion: The introduction of checkpoint inhibitors into the management of bladder cancer marks a significant milestone for this disease. Checkpoint inhibitors have the potential to impact patients across multiple disease states from non-muscle-invasive disease to metastatic tumors refractory to conventional treatment. That being said, validated biomarkers, including genetic signatures, to accurately predict response, and the establishment of optimal sequencing and combination of these immunotherapeutic agents with chemo/radiotherapy are urgently needed.
随着免疫肿瘤学的最新进展以及检查点抑制剂在多种癌症临床实践中的引入，尿路上皮癌的治疗格局发生了巨大变化，并将继续进一步改变。目前，许多化合物和联合方案正在众多针对膀胱癌的临床试验和各种临床场景中进行研究。涵盖领域：在本综述中，作者概述了膀胱癌免疫治疗的历史和基本原理。他们还提供了目前评估检查点抑制剂用于膀胱癌的数据，并讨论了尿路上皮癌治疗的正在进行的试验和未来前景。专家意见：检查点抑制剂引入膀胱癌管理标志着该疾病的一个重要里程碑。检查点抑制剂有可能影响从非肌层浸润性疾病到对传统治疗难治的转移性肿瘤等多种疾病状态的患者。话虽如此，迫切需要经过验证的生物标志物，包括基因特征，以准确预测反应，以及确定这些免疫治疗药物与化疗/放疗的最佳序贯和联合方案。
