Rettich F
J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1987;31(1):53-63.
Laboratory and field comparisons were made with two wettable powder formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H-14 (B. t. H-14) prepared in Czechoslovakia ("Moskitur") and the USSR ("Baktokulicid"). Expressed in the international Aedes aegypti toxic units (TU X mg-1) the potency of these two test formulations was greater than that of the Institute Pasteur Standard IPS-78 (= 1,000 TU X mg-1), i.e. Moskitur had a potency of about 1,500 TU X mg-1 and the Soviet Baktokulicid 2,000 TU X mg-1. The Baktokulicid and Moskitur LC 90 values for laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti larvae were, respectively, 0.11 and 0.16 mg X l-1. The range of LC 90 values for the Czechoslovak wild-caught mosquito species of the genera Aedes and Culex was 0.14-0.31 mg X liter-1 with Moskitur, 0.11-0.41 mg X l-1 with Baktokulicid, and 0.16-0.48 mg X l-1 with IPS-78. The susceptibility of laboratory Anopheles stephensi larvae was close to that of Aedes aegypti, larvae of An. messeae required many times as much Baktokulicid (1.6 mg X l-1) and Moskitur (more than 6.4 mg X l-1) for 90% mortality as did other mosquito species. The aim of outdoor assays was to establish the minimum Moskitur and Baktokulicid rates giving a 100% control of mosquito larvae. For Ae. cantans breeding habitat in flood plain forest areas these rates ranged between 0.1-0.5 mg X l-1 (0.2-1.0 kg X ha-1), for Ae. vexans control on artificially irrigated meadows between 0.8-2.0 mg X l-1 (1.2-3.0 kg X ha-1). Consistently with laboratory bioassays, Baktokulicid gave 100% control of An. messeae 4th instar larvae at a dose as high as 3.2 mg X l-1, Moskitur gave 23.1% kill at 6.4 mg X l-1. The effect of Moskitur and Baktokulicid formulations was immediate, larvae that hatched 7-14 days posttreatment survived. The efficacy of B. t. H-14 outdoor treatments tended to markedly decrease with the larval densities exceeding 100 larvae per 1 dm2. Species of nontarget aquatic organisms, including the Diptera Chaoborus crystallinus, Mychlonyx sp. and Dixidae, were not noticeably affected by treatments with B. t. H-14 formulations used.
对在捷克斯洛伐克制备的苏云金芽孢杆菌血清型H - 14（B. t. H - 14）的两种可湿性粉剂制剂（“Moskitur”）和苏联的制剂（“Baktokulicid”）进行了实验室和现场比较。以国际埃及伊蚊毒性单位（TU X mg - 1）表示，这两种测试制剂的效力均高于巴斯德研究所标准IPS - 78（= 1,000 TU X mg - 1），即Moskitur的效力约为1,500 TU X mg - 1，苏联的Baktokulicid为2,000 TU X mg - 1。实验室饲养的埃及伊蚊幼虫的Baktokulicid和Moskitur的LC90值分别为0.11和0.16 mg X l - 1。捷克斯洛伐克野外捕获的伊蚊属和库蚊属蚊虫的LC90值范围，使用Moskitur时为0.14 - 0.31 mg X升 - 1，使用Baktokulicid时为0.11 - 0.41 mg X l - 1，使用IPS - 78时为0.16 - 0.48 mg X l - 1。实验室斯氏按蚊幼虫的敏感性与埃及伊蚊相近，梅氏按蚊幼虫达到90%死亡率所需的Baktokulicid（1.6 mg X l - 1）和Moskitur（超过6.4 mg X l - 1）是其他蚊种的许多倍。室外试验的目的是确定能100%控制蚊虫幼虫的Moskitur和Baktokulicid的最低用量。对于泛滥平原森林地区的康氏伊蚊繁殖栖息地，这些用量范围为0.1 - 0.5 mg X l - 1（0.2 - 1.0 kg X ha - 1），对于人工灌溉草甸上的骚扰伊蚊控制用量为0.8 - 2.0 mg X l - 1（1.2 - 3.0 kg X ha - 1）。与实验室生物测定结果一致，Baktokulicid在高达3.2 mg X l - 1的剂量下能100%控制梅氏按蚊四龄幼虫，Moskitur在6.4 mg X l - 1时的杀灭率为23.1%。Moskitur和Baktokulicid制剂的效果是即时的，处理后7 - 14天孵化的幼虫存活。当幼虫密度超过每1平方分米100只幼虫时，B. t. H - 14室外处理的效果往往会显著下降。包括双翅目晶囊轮虫、Mychlonyx sp.和细蚊科在内的非靶标水生生物种类，未受到所使用的B. t. H - 14制剂处理的明显影响。
