Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, 5100 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W. Ste. 400, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2017 Nov;20(6):440-446. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000414.
Early interventional trials reported improvements in cardiac and exercise outcomes with inorganic nitrate ingestion. The current review aims to provide a brief update of recent evidence regarding ergogenic and cardiovascular effects of dietary nitrate and practical recommendations.
Recent evidence has been inconsistent and questions remain regarding effective dose, duration, and source of nitrate and cohorts likely to benefit. Dietary nitrate may be most relevant to those with vascular/metabolic impairments, those engaging in short-term, intense exercise, deconditioned individuals, and those with a low dietary nitrate intake.
The evidence for cardiovascular/exercise benefit is plausible but inconsistent. However, dietary nitrate, in contrast to pharmacological nitrate, has a high benefit-risk ratio. Although nitrate supplementation has grown in popularity, it is suggested that increased green vegetables consumption may provide similar/superior benefits to nitrate supplementation in a cheaper, safer, and potentially tastier context.
早期的介入性试验报告称，无机硝酸盐的摄入可改善心脏和运动的效果。本综述旨在简要介绍最近关于饮食硝酸盐的有益健康和心血管作用的证据以及实用建议。
最近的证据并不一致，关于硝酸盐的有效剂量、持续时间和来源以及可能受益的人群仍存在疑问。饮食硝酸盐可能与那些血管/代谢功能受损、进行短期剧烈运动、身体不适的人和那些硝酸盐摄入量低的人最相关。
硝酸盐对心血管/运动有益的证据是合理的，但并不一致。然而，与药理学硝酸盐相比，饮食硝酸盐具有更高的效益风险比。尽管硝酸盐补充剂越来越受欢迎，但建议增加绿叶蔬菜的摄入量可能会在更便宜、更安全、更美味的情况下，提供类似甚至更好的硝酸盐补充效果。
