a Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus , University of Exeter , Exeter , Devon , UK.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2019 Feb;19(1):15-29. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1445298. Epub 2018 Mar 13.
This article provides an overview of the current literature relating to the efficacy of dietary nitrate (NO) ingestion in altering aspects of cardiovascular and metabolic health and exercise capacity in healthy and diseased individuals. The consumption of NO-rich vegetables, such as spinach and beetroot, have been variously shown to promote nitric oxide bioavailability, reduce systemic blood pressure, enhance tissue blood flow, modulate muscle O utilisation and improve exercise tolerance both in normoxia and in hypoxia, as is commonly observed in a number of disease states. NO ingestion may, therefore, act as a natural means for augmenting performance and attenuating complications associated with limited O availability or transport, hypertension and the metabolic syndrome. Recent studies indicate that dietary NO might also augment intrinsic skeletal muscle contractility and improve the speed and power of muscle contraction. Moreover, several investigations suggest that NO supplementation may improve aspects of cognitive performance both at rest and during exercise. Collectively, these observations position NO as more than a putative ergogenic aid and suggest that increasing natural dietary NO intake may act as a prophylactic in countering the predations of senescence and certain cardiovascular-metabolic diseases.
本文概述了目前有关饮食硝酸盐（NO）摄入对健康和患病个体心血管和代谢健康以及运动能力的影响的文献。食用富含 NO 的蔬菜，如菠菜和甜菜根，已被证明可促进一氧化氮生物利用度、降低全身血压、增强组织血液流动、调节肌肉 O 利用并提高在常氧和低氧环境下的运动耐力，这在许多疾病状态中很常见。因此，NO 的摄入可以作为一种天然手段，增强运动能力并减轻与有限的 O 供应或运输、高血压和代谢综合征相关的并发症。最近的研究表明，饮食中的 NO 还可能增强内在的骨骼肌收缩能力，并提高肌肉收缩的速度和力量。此外，几项研究表明，NO 补充剂可能会改善休息和运动时的认知表现。总的来说，这些观察结果表明，NO 不仅仅是一种潜在的运动表现增强剂，而且增加天然饮食中 NO 的摄入可能会作为一种预防措施，对抗衰老和某些心血管代谢疾病的侵袭。
