Lance Rachel M, Stalcup Lucas, Wojtylak Brad, Bass Cameron R
Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division, Code E15 Underwater Systems Development and Acquisition, Panama City, Florida, United States of America.
Duke University Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2017 Aug 23;12(8):e0182244. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182244. eCollection 2017.
The submarine H.L. Hunley was the first submarine to sink an enemy ship during combat; however, the cause of its sinking has been a mystery for over 150 years. The Hunley set off a 61.2 kg (135 lb) black powder torpedo at a distance less than 5 m (16 ft) off its bow. Scaled experiments were performed that measured black powder and shock tube explosions underwater and propagation of blasts through a model ship hull. This propagation data was used in combination with archival experimental data to evaluate the risk to the crew from their own torpedo. The blast produced likely caused flexion of the ship hull to transmit the blast wave; the secondary wave transmitted inside the crew compartment was of sufficient magnitude that the calculated chances of survival were less than 16% for each crew member. The submarine drifted to its resting place after the crew died of air blast trauma within the hull.
潜艇“HL·亨利号”是第一艘在战斗中击沉敌舰的潜艇；然而，它沉没的原因在150多年里一直是个谜。“亨利号”在距离船头不到5米（16英尺）的地方发射了一枚61.2千克（135磅）的黑火药鱼雷。进行了比例实验，测量了水下黑火药和激波管爆炸以及爆炸波通过模型船体的传播情况。这些传播数据与档案实验数据相结合，以评估船员面临自身鱼雷的风险。产生的爆炸很可能导致船体弯曲以传递爆炸波；在船员舱室内传播的次生波强度足够大，计算得出每个船员的生存几率不到16%。船员在船体内部死于气浪创伤后，潜艇漂流到了它的安息之地。
