Comelles Josep M, Riccò Isabella, Bañuelos Aida Terrón, Perdiguero-Gil Enrique
Doctor en Medicina, Doctor en Antropología. Profesor Emérito de Antropología Social, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, España.
Magíster en Antropología Cultural y Etnología. Becaria de investigación, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, España.
Salud Colect. 2017 Apr-Jun;13(2):171-198. doi: 10.18294/sc.2017.1196.
The aim of this article is to compare the development of health education in Italy and Spain from the point of view of the role played by medical anthropology in both countries. The context is provided by the changes in the concept of health education advocated by the UN technical agencies, especially the World Health Organization and Unesco, during the second half of the twentieth century. Despite their many similarities, Italy and Spain underwent different political evolutions over the last century. Therefore, it is interesting to compare both cases and the influence the social sciences had in health education initiatives. In order to assess the role of medical anthropology, the 1958 launch and the development of the Centro Sperimentale per l'Educazione Sanitaria (Perugia, Italy), which was at the forefront of health education in Europe until the 1990s, was reconstructed through oral sources. After a brief description of the scant initiatives regarding health education existing in the Spain of the dictatorship, the influence of the Perusine anthropologists on Spanish health education during the democratic transition is evaluated.
本文旨在从医学人类学在意大利和西班牙所发挥的作用的角度，比较这两个国家健康教育的发展情况。其背景是联合国技术机构，特别是世界卫生组织和联合国教科文组织在20世纪下半叶所倡导的健康教育概念的变化。尽管意大利和西班牙有许多相似之处，但在过去的一个世纪里，两国经历了不同的政治演变。因此，比较这两个案例以及社会科学对健康教育倡议的影响是很有意思的。为了评估医学人类学的作用，通过口述资料重建了1958年成立并发展起来的意大利佩鲁贾卫生教育实验中心（Centro Sperimentale per l'Educazione Sanitaria）的情况，该中心在20世纪90年代之前一直处于欧洲健康教育的前沿。在简要描述了西班牙独裁统治时期现有的关于健康教育的极少倡议之后，评估了佩鲁贾人类学家在民主过渡时期对西班牙健康教育的影响。
