Yale University.
Child Dev. 2019 Mar;90(2):524-543. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12922. Epub 2017 Aug 21.
Young children show social preferences for resource-rich individuals, although few studies have explored the causes underlying such preferences. We evaluate the viability of one candidate cause: Children believe that resource wealth relates to behavior, such that they expect the resource rich to be more likely to materially benefit others (including themselves) than the resource poor. In Studies 1 and 2 (ages 4-10), American children from predominantly middle-income families (n = 94) and Indian children from lower income families (n = 30) predicted that the resource rich would be likelier to share with others than the resource poor. In Study 3, American children (n = 66) made similar predictions in an incentivized decision-making task. The possibility that children's expectations regarding giving contribute to prowealth preferences is discussed.
幼儿表现出对资源丰富个体的社会偏好，尽管很少有研究探讨这种偏好的潜在原因。我们评估了一个候选原因的可行性：孩子们认为资源财富与行为有关，因此他们预计资源丰富的人比资源匮乏的人更有可能从物质上使他人（包括自己）受益。在研究 1 和研究 2 中（4-10 岁），来自以中产阶级为主的美国家庭的儿童（n=94）和来自低收入家庭的印度儿童（n=30）预测资源丰富的人比资源匮乏的人更有可能与他人分享。在研究 3 中，美国儿童（n=66）在一个有奖励的决策任务中做出了类似的预测。讨论了儿童对给予的期望是否有助于产生亲富偏好的可能性。
