Jeffery U
Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
J Small Anim Pract. 2017 Nov;58(11):639-644. doi: 10.1111/jsap.12724. Epub 2017 Aug 21.
To investigate whether dogs living in urban areas are more likely to develop immune-mediated disease than those in rural areas.
A case-control study comparing the prevalence of urban home location between dogs with immune-mediated disease and matched controls. Dogs diagnosed with immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, immune-mediated polyarthritis or meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin were identified by case record searches. Breed-matched dogs presenting to the same hospital during the same year as cases were randomly selected as controls. Home locations were classified as rural or urban using the population density of the relevant census tract and conditional logistic regression was used to examine association between home location and immune-mediated disease.
In the 137 cases and 137 breed-matched controls, the odds ratio for any immune-mediated disease for dogs living in urban (versus rural) areas was 0·94 (95% confidence interval 0·58 to 1·55, P=0·80). Odds ratios for development of immune-mediated haematological diseases, immune-mediated polyarthritis or meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin were also not significantly different from the null value. Multivariable analysis including age, gender and season of presentation did not suggest confounding of effect of home location by these additional variables.
This study does not support an association between urban environment and immune-mediated disease in dogs.
调查生活在城市地区的犬只是否比农村地区的犬只更易患免疫介导性疾病。
一项病例对照研究，比较患有免疫介导性疾病的犬只与匹配对照犬只的城市居住情况患病率。通过病例记录检索确定诊断为免疫介导性溶血性贫血、免疫介导性血小板减少症、免疫介导性多关节炎或不明原因脑膜脑脊髓炎的犬只。将与病例同年到同一家医院就诊的品种匹配犬只随机选为对照。根据相关普查区的人口密度将居住地点分为农村或城市，并使用条件逻辑回归分析来研究居住地点与免疫介导性疾病之间的关联。
在137例病例和137只品种匹配的对照犬中，生活在城市（与农村相比）地区的犬只患任何免疫介导性疾病的比值比为0.94（95%置信区间0.58至1.55，P = 0.80）。免疫介导性血液系统疾病、免疫介导性多关节炎或不明原因脑膜脑脊髓炎的发病比值比与无效值也无显著差异。纳入年龄、性别和就诊季节的多变量分析未提示这些额外变量会混淆居住地点的影响。
本研究不支持城市环境与犬只免疫介导性疾病之间存在关联。
