Tipton M J, Collier N, Massey H, Corbett J, Harper M
Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport & Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
Brighton and Sussex University Hospital NHS Trust, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK.
Exp Physiol. 2017 Nov 1;102(11):1335-1355. doi: 10.1113/EP086283. Epub 2017 Sep 21.
What is the topic of this review? This is the first review to look across the broad field of 'cold water immersion' and to determine the threats and benefits associated with it as both a hazard and a treatment. What advances does it highlight? The level of evidence supporting each of the areas reviewed is assessed. Like other environmental constituents, such as pressure, heat and oxygen, cold water can be either good or bad, threat or treatment, depending on circumstance. Given the current increase in the popularly of open cold water swimming, it is timely to review the various human responses to cold water immersion (CWI) and consider the strength of the claims made for the effects of CWI. As a consequence, in this review we look at the history of CWI and examine CWI as a precursor to drowning, cardiac arrest and hypothermia. We also assess its role in prolonged survival underwater, extending exercise time in the heat and treating hyperthermic casualties. More recent uses, such as in the prevention of inflammation and treatment of inflammation-related conditions, are also considered. It is concluded that the evidence base for the different claims made for CWI are varied, and although in most instances there seems to be a credible rationale for the benefits or otherwise of CWI, in some instances the supporting data remain at the level of anecdotal speculation. Clear directions and requirements for future research are indicated by this review.
这篇综述的主题是什么？这是第一篇全面审视“冷水浸泡”广泛领域，并确定其作为一种危害和一种治疗方法所带来的威胁和益处的综述。它突出了哪些进展？对所审查的每个领域的证据水平进行了评估。与其他环境因素（如压力、热量和氧气）一样，冷水可能是好的，也可能是坏的，是威胁还是治疗方法，这取决于具体情况。鉴于目前公开水域冷水游泳的 popularity（此处原文可能有误，推测应为popularity）不断增加，及时回顾各种人类对冷水浸泡（CWI）的反应，并考虑关于CWI效果的各种说法的可信度是很有必要的。因此，在本综述中，我们审视了CWI的历史，并将CWI视为溺水、心脏骤停和体温过低的先兆进行研究。我们还评估了它在延长水下生存时间、在高温环境下延长运动时间以及治疗中暑伤员方面的作用。最近的一些用途，如预防炎症和治疗与炎症相关的病症，也在考虑范围内。结论是，关于CWI的不同说法的证据基础各不相同，尽管在大多数情况下，CWI有益或有害似乎都有可信的理论依据，但在某些情况下，支持数据仍停留在轶事推测的层面。本综述指出了未来研究的明确方向和要求。
