Improving the catalytic characteristics of lipase-displaying yeast cells by hydrophobic modification.

Lipase-displaying yeast cells are a promising alternative to the conventional immobilised lipases for organic bioconversions. However, the hydrophilic characteristics of the yeast cell surface may impede efficient immobilisation. Herein, we tested three methods to enhance the hydrophobicity of the surface of Candida antarctica lipase B-displaying Pichia pastoris cells, co-displaying a fungal hydrophobin, coating with ionic liquids, and adding decane as a hydrophobic carbon source during fermentation. Modified cells showed higher surface hydrophobicity and superior esterification of C-C saturated fatty acids in hydrophobic solvents. When used for biodiesel synthesis, modified cells exhibited an improved initial reaction rate and equilibrium fatty acid methyl ester yield. We systematically discuss the influence of cell surface hydrophobicity on the catalytic properties, and the results provide guidance for improving the catalytic efficiency and operational characteristics of lipase-displaying yeast cells for organic bioconversions.