Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Suite 210 Bridgeside Point, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2018 Jun;30(6):633-641. doi: 10.1007/s40520-017-0819-3. Epub 2017 Aug 23.
In older adults, impaired control of standing balance in the lateral direction is associated with the increased risk of falling. Assessing the factors that contribute to impaired standing balance control may identify areas to address to reduce falls risk.
To investigate the contributions of physiological factors to standing lateral balance control.
Two hundred twenty-two participants from the Pittsburgh site of the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study had lateral balance control assessed using a clinical sensory integration balance test (standing on level and foam surface with eyes open and closed) and a lateral center of pressure tracking test using visual feedback. The center of pressure was recorded from a force platform. Multiple linear regression models examined contributors of lateral control of balance performance, including concurrently measured tests of lower extremity sensation, knee extensor strength, executive function, and clinical balance tests. Models were adjusted for age, body mass index, and sex.
Larger lateral sway during the sensory integration test performed on foam was associated with longer repeated chair stands time. During the lateral center of pressure tracking task, the error in tracking increased at higher frequencies; greater error was associated with worse executive function. The relationship between sway performance and physical and cognitive function differed between women and men.
Contributors to control of lateral balance were task-dependent. Lateral standing performance on an unstable surface may be more dependent upon general lower extremity strength, whereas visual tracking performance may be more dependent upon cognitive factors.
Lateral balance control in ambulatory older adults is associated with deficits in strength and executive function.
在老年人中，侧向站立平衡控制受损与跌倒风险增加有关。评估导致站立平衡控制受损的因素可以确定需要解决的领域，以降低跌倒风险。
探讨生理因素对侧向站立平衡控制的贡献。
来自匹兹堡健康、衰老和身体成分研究（Health, Aging and Body Composition Study）的 222 名参与者接受了侧向平衡控制评估，使用临床感觉综合平衡测试（睁眼和闭眼在水平和泡沫表面站立）和使用视觉反馈的侧向中心压力跟踪测试。中心压力是从力平台上记录的。多元线性回归模型检查了平衡性能的侧向控制的贡献因素，包括同时测量的下肢感觉、膝关节伸展力量、执行功能和临床平衡测试。模型根据年龄、体重指数和性别进行了调整。
在泡沫上进行的感觉综合测试中，较大的侧向摆动与重复椅子站立时间较长有关。在侧向中心压力跟踪任务中，跟踪的误差随着频率的增加而增加；较大的误差与较差的执行功能有关。摇摆表现与身体和认知功能之间的关系在女性和男性之间存在差异。
侧向平衡控制的贡献因素取决于任务。在不稳定表面上的侧向站立表现可能更依赖于一般下肢力量，而视觉跟踪表现可能更依赖于认知因素。
活动老年人的侧向平衡控制与力量和执行功能缺陷有关。
