Pitasi Marc A, Oraka Emeka, Clark Hollie, Town Machell, DiNenno Elizabeth A
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Aug 25;66(33):883-887. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6633a3.
Transgender persons are at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; in a recent analysis of the results of over nine million CDC funded HIV tests, transgender women* had the highest percentage of confirmed positive results (2.7%) of any gender category (1). Transgender men, particularly those who have sex with cisgender men, are also at high risk for infection (2). HIV testing is critical for detecting and treating persons who are infected and delivering preventive services to those who are uninfected. CDC recommends that persons at high risk for HIV infection be screened for HIV at least annually, although transgender persons are not specified in the current recommendations. CDC analyzed data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to describe HIV testing among transgender women and men and two cisgender comparison groups in 27 states and Guam. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, transgender women and men had a lower prevalence of ever testing and past year testing for HIV (35.6% and 31.6% ever, and 10.0% and 10.2% past year, respectively) compared with cisgender gay and bisexual men (61.8% ever and 21.6% past year) and instead reported testing at levels comparable to cisgender heterosexual men and women (35.2% ever, and 8.6% past year). This finding suggests that transgender women and men might not be sufficiently reached by current HIV testing measures. Tailoring HIV testing activities to overcome the unique barriers faced by transgender women and men might increase rates of testing among these populations.
跨性别者感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的风险很高；在最近一项对超过900万次由美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）资助的HIV检测结果的分析中，跨性别女性*的确诊阳性结果百分比在所有性别类别中最高（2.7%）(1)。跨性别男性，尤其是那些与顺性别男性发生性行为的人，也面临着较高的感染风险(2)。HIV检测对于发现和治疗感染者以及为未感染者提供预防服务至关重要。CDC建议，HIV感染高危人群至少每年进行一次HIV筛查，尽管目前的建议中未明确提及跨性别者。CDC分析了行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）的数据，以描述27个州和关岛的跨性别女性和男性以及两个顺性别对照组的HIV检测情况。在对人口统计学特征进行调整后，与顺性别男同性恋者和双性恋男性（曾经检测过的比例为61.8%，过去一年检测过的比例为21.6%）相比，跨性别女性和男性曾经进行HIV检测和过去一年进行HIV检测的患病率较低（曾经检测过的比例分别为35.6%和31.6%，过去一年检测过的比例分别为10.0%和10.2%），相反，他们报告的检测水平与顺性别异性恋男性和女性相当（曾经检测过的比例为35.2%，过去一年检测过的比例为8.6%）。这一发现表明，目前的HIV检测措施可能没有充分覆盖到跨性别女性和男性。针对跨性别女性和男性所面临的独特障碍调整HIV检测活动，可能会提高这些人群的检测率。
