Messina Mark, Rogero Marcelo Macedo, Fisberg Mauro, Waitzberg Dan
Nutrition Matters, Inc., Pittsfield, Massachusets, United States.
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Nutr Rev. 2017 Jul 1;75(7):500-515. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nux016.
Soyfoods have been intensely researched, primarily because they provide such abundant amounts of isoflavones. Isoflavones are classified as both plant estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Evidence suggests that these soybean constituents are protective against a number of chronic diseases, but they are not without controversy. In fact, because soyfoods contain such large amounts of isoflavones, concerns have arisen that these foods may cause untoward effects in some individuals. There is particular interest in understanding the effects of isoflavones in young people. Relatively few studies involving children have been conducted, and many of those that have are small in size. While the data are limited, evidence suggests that soy does not exert adverse hormonal effects in children or affect pubertal development. On the other hand, there is intriguing evidence indicating that when soy is consumed during childhood and/or adolescence, risk of developing breast cancer is markedly reduced. Relatively few children are allergic to soy protein, and most of those who initially are outgrow their soy allergy by 10 years of age. The totality of the available evidence indicates that soyfoods can be healthful additions to the diets of children, but more research is required to allow definitive conclusions to be made.
大豆食品已经得到了深入研究，主要是因为它们含有大量的异黄酮。异黄酮既被归类为植物雌激素，也被归类为选择性雌激素受体调节剂。有证据表明，这些大豆成分对多种慢性疾病具有保护作用，但它们也存在争议。事实上，由于大豆食品含有大量异黄酮，有人担心这些食物可能会对某些人产生不良影响。人们尤其关注了解异黄酮对年轻人的影响。涉及儿童的研究相对较少，而且其中许多研究规模较小。虽然数据有限，但有证据表明，大豆不会对儿童产生不良激素影响，也不会影响青春期发育。另一方面，有有趣的证据表明，在儿童期和/或青春期食用大豆时，患乳腺癌的风险会显著降低。相对较少的儿童对大豆蛋白过敏，而且大多数最初过敏的儿童到10岁时会不再对大豆过敏。现有证据的总体情况表明，大豆食品可以有益地添加到儿童饮食中，但还需要更多研究才能得出明确结论。
