Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD.
National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017 Sep;56(9):747-754.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.06.011. Epub 2017 Jul 4.
To examine trends in the 12-month prevalence of patterns of substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs) among US youth during 2002 through 2014.
Data were from 288,300 persons 12 to 17 years old who participated in the 2002 to 2014 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. Descriptive analyses and bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were applied.
During 2002 through 2014, among US youth, the 12-month prevalence of any substance use decreased by 27.1% (from 43.2% to 31.5%); among youth users, the 12-month prevalence of SUDs decreased by 28.9% (from 27.0% to 19.2%), and the ratio of substance dependence to abuse decreased from 2.2 to 1.6. Multiple substance use was common and was associated with SUDs. During 2002 through 2014, the prevalence of using marijuana and alcohol only, using marijuana only, and having marijuana use disorders only increased, whereas most other trends were downward. Increases in age at first substance use were associated with downward trends in any substance use. Upward trends in age at first substance use, youth and parental strong disapproval of cigarette use, and youths' seatbelt-wearing prevalence and downward trends in substance use patterns were associated with the downward trend in SUDs among youth users.
The 12-month prevalence of any substance use among youth and SUDs among youth users decreased during 2002 through 2014. Postponing age at first use of any substance is critical among youth in the United States. Future research is needed to better understand the interrelations between specific risk and protective factors, age at first substance use, substance use patterns, and SUDs among youth users.
研究 2002 年至 2014 年期间，美国青少年在一年内物质使用和物质使用障碍（SUD）模式的流行率趋势。
数据来自 288300 名 12 至 17 岁的参加 2002 至 2014 年全国药物使用和健康调查的人。应用描述性分析、双变量和多变量逻辑回归。
2002 年至 2014 年期间，美国青少年中任何物质使用的 12 个月流行率下降了 27.1%（从 43.2%降至 31.5%）；在青少年使用者中，SUD 的 12 个月流行率下降了 28.9%（从 27.0%降至 19.2%），物质依赖与滥用的比例从 2.2 降至 1.6。多种物质使用很常见，并与 SUD 有关。2002 年至 2014 年期间，只使用大麻和酒精、只使用大麻以及只有大麻使用障碍的使用率增加，而大多数其他趋势则呈下降趋势。首次使用物质的年龄增加与任何物质使用的下降趋势有关。首次使用物质的年龄上升、青少年和父母强烈反对吸烟以及青少年系安全带的流行率和物质使用模式的下降趋势与青少年使用者 SUD 的下降趋势有关。
2002 年至 2014 年期间，青少年中任何物质使用的流行率和青少年使用者中 SUD 的流行率均下降。在美国，青少年推迟首次使用任何物质的年龄至关重要。需要进一步研究，以更好地了解特定风险和保护因素、首次使用物质的年龄、物质使用模式和青少年使用者中的 SUD 之间的相互关系。
