Godfrey-Smith Peter
Unit for History and Philosophy of Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
Philosophy Program, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Interface Focus. 2017 Oct 6;7(5):20170022. doi: 10.1098/rsfs.2017.0022. Epub 2017 Aug 18.
A family of arguments often presented in opposition to mainstream neo-Darwinian views of evolution assert an 'active' role for organisms in determining the course of their evolution and other kinds of biological change. I assess several of these arguments, beginning with an early treatment by Lewontin and moving to more recent discussions. I then look at a subset of these phenomena, those in which organisms are efficacious in virtue of features and capacities related to . In the history of the Earth from the Cambrian onwards, subjectivity has been an increasingly important causal factor.
一类常被用来反对主流新达尔文主义进化观点的论据认为，生物体在决定其进化过程和其他生物变化方面发挥着“积极”作用。我评估其中几个论据，从Lewontin早期的论述开始，进而探讨更近期的讨论。然后我着眼于这些现象中的一个子集，即生物体凭借与……相关的特征和能力而产生效力的那些现象。在从寒武纪开始的地球历史中，主体性一直是一个越来越重要的因果因素。
