Laboratory of Toxicants and Drugs Analysis - LATF, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva street, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
Laboratory Nutritional and Toxicological Analysis in vivo - LANTIN, Faculty of Nutrion, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva street, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017 Oct;55:99-106. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.013. Epub 2017 Aug 18.
The aim of the study was to assess of occupational exposure to pesticides in rural workers using genotoxicity test, bioindicators and clinical evaluation. Blood, urine and buccal samples from persons, rural workers exposed to a complex mixture of pesticides with organophosphates (n=94) and without organophosphates (n=94) were collected to compare the activities of cholinesterases, the levels of urinary dialkyl phosphates, genotoxicity data, from a cytome assay. Biomarkers were analysed by traditional/published methods Control group consisted of 50 other persons, non- occupationally exposed to pesticides from the city of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. All subjects underwent a clinical evaluation. In the group exposed to organophosphates, the activity of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and total cholinesterase was lower by 63.8%, 12.8%, and 14.8%, respectively, and 92.6% of the group had dialkyl phosphates present in their urine. The cytome assay was used to measure biomarkers of DNA damage (micronuclei and/or elimination of nuclear material by budding), cytokinetic defects (binucleated cells), and proliferative potential (basal cell) and/or cell death (condensed chromatin, karyorrhectic, pyknotic, and karyolytic cells). The group exposed to organophosphates showed significant changes in all these parameters compared to the control group and showed significant changes in budding, condensed chromatin and karyolytic cells compared with the group non-exposed to organophosphates. Data from the clinical evaluation showed significant changes in the central nervous, respiratory and auditory systems. The studied biomarkers are able to distinguish occupational and environmental exposure to pesticides and the data showed hazardous exposure to organophosphates and afforded valuable data to estimate the risk to cancer development.
本研究旨在通过遗传毒性试验、生物标志物和临床评估来评估农村工人的职业性农药暴露。采集了接触有机磷和无有机磷混合农药的农村工人（n=94）以及非职业性接触农药的城市居民（n=50）的血液、尿液和口腔样本，以比较胆碱酯酶活性、尿二烷基磷酸盐水平、细胞微核检测的遗传毒性数据。采用传统/已发表的方法分析生物标志物。对照组由来自巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州阿尔芬斯市的 50 名未接触过农药的人员组成。所有受试者均接受了临床评估。在接触有机磷的人群中，乙酰胆碱酯酶、丁酰胆碱酯酶和总胆碱酯酶的活性分别降低了 63.8%、12.8%和 14.8%，92.6%的人群尿液中存在二烷基磷酸盐。细胞微核试验用于测量 DNA 损伤（微核和/或核物质芽生消除）、细胞有丝分裂缺陷（双核细胞）、增殖潜能（基底细胞）和/或细胞死亡（浓缩染色质、核崩解、固缩核和核溶解细胞）的生物标志物。与对照组相比，接触有机磷的人群在所有这些参数中均显示出显著变化，与未接触有机磷的人群相比，芽生、浓缩染色质和核溶解细胞也显示出显著变化。临床评估数据显示，中枢神经系统、呼吸系统和听觉系统均发生了显著变化。所研究的生物标志物能够区分职业性和环境性农药暴露，且数据显示有机磷暴露具有危害性，并为评估癌症发病风险提供了有价值的数据。
