Pollard R
J Sports Sci. 1986 Winter;4(3):237-48. doi: 10.1080/02640418608732122.
The existence of home advantage has been established for all major professional team sports in England and North America. The advantage was found to be greatest in soccer, with the home team currently obtaining about 64% of all points gained in the English Football League. Home advantage has changed very little since the formation of the League in 1888 and there are only small variations between the four Divisions of the League. The advantage is less marked in local derbies, in the FA Cup and in nonprofessional competitions. It is greater in the European Cup and increases as the stages of the competition progress. The allocation of three points, instead of two, for a win in the Football League has not changed home advantage, but its effect has been greatly reduced in the GM Vauxhall Conference where an away win gains more points than a home win. The statistical evidence suggests that crowd support and travel fatigue contribute less to home advantage in soccer than do the less easily quantifiable benefits of familiarity with conditions when playing at home. Further possible explanations for the advantage are discussed in the light of findings in other sports.
主场优势在英格兰和北美的所有主要职业团队运动中都已得到证实。人们发现，在足球比赛中主场优势最为明显，目前英超联赛中主队获得的积分约占总积分的64%。自1888年联赛成立以来，主场优势变化甚微，联赛的四个级别之间也只有很小的差异。在同城德比、足总杯和非职业比赛中，主场优势并不那么明显。在欧洲杯中主场优势更大，并且随着比赛阶段的推进而增加。足球联赛中获胜得三分而非两分的规则并没有改变主场优势，但在全国联赛中其影响已大大降低，在该联赛中客场获胜比主场获胜获得的积分更多。统计证据表明，与在主场比赛时熟悉比赛条件带来的较难量化的好处相比，球迷支持和旅途疲劳对足球比赛中主场优势的贡献较小。根据其他运动项目的研究结果，对这一优势的其他可能解释也进行了讨论。
