Slama Rémy, Vernet Céline, Nassan Feiby L, Hauser Russ, Philippat Claire
Inserm, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team of Environmental Epidemiology, Inserm, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Site Santé, La Tronche (Grenoble), France.
Inserm, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team of Environmental Epidemiology, Inserm, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Site Santé, La Tronche (Grenoble), France.
C R Biol. 2017 Sep-Oct;340(9-10):421-431. doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.07.008. Epub 2017 Aug 23.
Research on endocrine disruptors (EDs) developed from numerous disciplines. In this concert of disciplines, epidemiology is central to inform on the relevance for humans of mechanisms and dose-response functions identified in animals, to characterize the health impact (number of attributable disease cases), the cost associated with ED exposure, and the efficiency of the measures taken to limit exposure. Here, we present epidemiological tools to draw valid inference regarding effects of potential EDs. Epidemiology is generally observational, requiring care to control confounding bias. Many potential EDs have a short biological half-life; approaches relying on repeated biospecimens sampling allow limiting exposure misclassification and the resulting bias. For non-persistent compounds, couple-child cohorts are a central study design. Cohorts can now rely on molecular biology approaches to characterize exposures and intermediate pathways, which corresponds to the advent of molecular epidemiology and allows stronger interactions between epidemiology, toxicology, and molecular epidemiology to characterize the health effects of EDs.
对内分泌干扰物（EDs）的研究源于众多学科。在这场学科协同中，流行病学对于了解动物体内确定的机制和剂量反应函数与人类的相关性、描述健康影响（可归因疾病病例数）、与EDs暴露相关的成本以及为限制暴露所采取措施的效率至关重要。在此，我们介绍流行病学工具，以便对潜在EDs的影响得出有效推断。流行病学通常是观察性的，需要谨慎控制混杂偏倚。许多潜在的EDs生物半衰期较短；依靠重复生物样本采样的方法能够限制暴露错误分类及其导致的偏倚。对于非持久性化合物，亲子队列是核心研究设计。现在队列研究可以依靠分子生物学方法来表征暴露和中间途径，这与分子流行病学的出现相对应，并能加强流行病学、毒理学和分子流行病学之间的相互作用，以表征EDs对健康的影响。
