Carolan-Olah Mary, Duarte-Gardea Maria, Lechuga Julia
Victoria University, College of Health and Biomedicine, St Alban's Campus, PO Box 14228, Melbourne 8001, Australia.
The University of Texas at El Paso, College of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79902, United States.
Sex Reprod Healthc. 2017 Oct;13:14-22. doi: 10.1016/j.srhc.2017.02.006. Epub 2017 Feb 27.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a serious health concern for pregnant women, with Hispanic women at particular risk for developing the condition. The aim of this review was to critically examine GDM intervention programs for Hispanic women, in the United States of America (US).
English and Spanish electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published between 1995 and 2015. Eligible study designs included randomized controlled trial, pre/post-test and quasi experimental methods.
Findings indicated that there was a dearth of literature reporting on GDM interventions for Hispanic women and just seven papers met inclusion criteria. These seven studies were included in the review and they reported on interventions for: (1) pregnant women at high risk of developing GDM; (2) pregnant women with GDM. Results suggest that a combination of intensive counselling over a prolonged period of time, together with a low calorie, possibly low glycemic index diet, produces best results.
The review found that intensive nutritional counselling approaches which promote low calorie/low GI diets appear to be most effective in BGL management in this population. Interventions that are delivered in Spanish and culturally tailored may be more acceptable to participants. More research is needed to develop suitable interventions to improve GDM management among Hispanic women.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是孕妇面临的一个严重健康问题，西班牙裔女性患此病的风险尤其高。本综述的目的是严格审查美国针对西班牙裔女性的GDM干预项目。
检索了1995年至2015年间发表的英文和西班牙文电子数据库中的相关研究。符合条件的研究设计包括随机对照试验、前后测试和准实验方法。
研究结果表明，关于西班牙裔女性GDM干预措施的文献匮乏，只有七篇论文符合纳入标准。这七项研究被纳入综述，它们报告了针对以下方面的干预措施：（1）患GDM高危孕妇；（2）患有GDM的孕妇。结果表明，长时间的强化咨询与低热量、可能是低血糖指数饮食相结合，效果最佳。
综述发现，促进低热量/低血糖指数饮食的强化营养咨询方法在该人群的血糖管理中似乎最有效。以西班牙语提供并根据文化进行调整的干预措施可能更容易被参与者接受。需要更多的研究来开发合适的干预措施，以改善西班牙裔女性的GDM管理。
