Budd C, Flanagan C, Gillett A, Hanger J, Loader J J, Govendir M
Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Port Macquarie Koala Hospital, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia.
Aust Vet J. 2017 Sep;95(9):343-349. doi: 10.1111/avj.12617.
Because of limited availability of chloramphenicol to veterinary suppliers, a preliminary study was performed to predict whether an analogue, florfenicol, is an efficacious treatment for chlamydiosis in koalas.
Florfenicol was administered to koalas with naturally occurring chlamydiosis at 20 mg/kg SC (n = 3) and at 5 mg/kg (n = 3) and 10 mg/kg (n = 3) IV. The estimated areas under the plasma concentration versus time curves (AUC) were compared with the minimum inhibitory concentration to inhibit Chlamydia pecorum. Clinical data were also examined from field trials conducted on koalas (n = 19) with naturally occurring chlamydiosis and treated with florfenicol at a range of dosages (5-20 mg/kg SC and 6-15 mg/kg IV). Florfenicol binding to proteins in plasma was also determined.
Florfenicol was not detectable in plasma 24 h post-administration at 20 mg/kg SC. The estimated AUC following administration at 10 mg/kg IV suggests florfenicol might be effective against Chlamydia spp. via this route. Florfenicol binding to plasma proteins was 13.0% (± 0.30 SEM). After treatment with florfenicol in field trials, 5 of 19 koalas (26%) were released without further treatment, 4 with no long-term follow-up; 6 (32%) required additional treatment with chloramphenicol to resolve chlamydiosis; 7 (36%) failed to clinically improve, of which 3 had clinical signs and/or necropsy findings suggestive of antibiotic-related gastrointestinal dysbiosis; another koala died within minutes of florfenicol administered IV at 7 mg/kg.
When administered at dosages tolerable in the field, florfenicol is a problematic treatment for chlamydiosis based on equivocal outcomes and plasma concentrations below those that inhibit the pathogen.
由于兽医供应商处氯霉素的供应有限，开展了一项初步研究，以预测其类似物氟苯尼考是否为治疗考拉衣原体病的有效药物。
对自然感染衣原体病的考拉分别按20mg/kg皮下注射（n = 3）、5mg/kg（n = 3）和10mg/kg（n = 3）静脉注射氟苯尼考。将血浆浓度-时间曲线下的估计面积（AUC）与抑制嗜肺衣原体的最低抑菌浓度进行比较。还检查了对自然感染衣原体病并接受一系列剂量（5-20mg/kg皮下注射和6-15mg/kg静脉注射）氟苯尼考治疗的考拉（n = 19）进行的现场试验的临床数据。还测定了氟苯尼考与血浆中蛋白质的结合情况。
20mg/kg皮下注射给药后24小时血浆中未检测到氟苯尼考。10mg/kg静脉注射给药后的估计AUC表明，氟苯尼考通过该途径可能对衣原体属有效。氟苯尼考与血浆蛋白的结合率为13.0%（±0.30标准误）。在现场试验中用氟苯尼考治疗后，19只考拉中有5只（26%）未经进一步治疗即被放归，4只未进行长期随访；6只（32%）需要额外使用氯霉素治疗以解决衣原体病；7只（36%）临床症状未改善，其中3只具有提示抗生素相关胃肠道生态失调的临床症状和/或尸检结果；另一只考拉在静脉注射7mg/kg氟苯尼考后几分钟内死亡。
基于不确定的结果以及血浆浓度低于抑制病原体的浓度，在现场可耐受的剂量下给药时，氟苯尼考是治疗衣原体病的一种有问题的药物。
