Frasca Daniela, Blomberg Bonnie B
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
Crit Rev Immunol. 2016;36(6):523-537. doi: 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.2017020113.
This review highlights recent findings on the effects of aging on influenza vaccine responses, with major emphasis on T and B cells, which are significantly impaired by aging. We discuss changes in T cell production and thymic output; T cell subsets; and TCR repertoire, function, and response to latent persistent infection. We also discuss changes in B cell subsets, repertoire, and function, and how function is impaired by increased intrinsic B cell inflammation and reduced signal transduction. This review presents age-related effects on antigen-presenting cells, summarizes recent studies, including our own, aimed at the identification of biomarkers of protective vaccine responses, and provides examples of recent technical advances and insights into human vaccine responses that are helping to define the features associated with successful vaccination and that may enable a more predictive vaccinology in the future.
本综述重点介绍了衰老对流感疫苗反应影响的最新研究结果，主要关注T细胞和B细胞，它们会因衰老而显著受损。我们讨论了T细胞产生和胸腺输出的变化；T细胞亚群；以及TCR库、功能和对潜伏性持续感染的反应。我们还讨论了B细胞亚群、库和功能的变化，以及内在B细胞炎症增加和信号转导减少如何损害功能。本综述介绍了衰老对抗抗原呈递细胞的影响，总结了包括我们自己的研究在内的近期研究，这些研究旨在识别保护性疫苗反应的生物标志物，并提供了近期技术进步的实例以及对人类疫苗反应的见解，这些有助于确定与成功接种疫苗相关的特征，并可能在未来实现更具预测性的疫苗学。
