Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), ul. Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Food Res Int. 2017 Sep;99(Pt 2):891-901. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.02.001. Epub 2017 Feb 4.
Carotenoids are used as natural food colourants in the food industry. As unstable natural pigments they need protection. This protection can involve the microencapsulation process. There are numerous techniques that can be used for carotenoid protection, but two of them -spray drying and supercritical micronization - are currently the most commonly used. The objective of this paper is to describe these two techniques for carotenoid microencapsulation. In this review information from articles from the last five years was taken into consideration. Pigments described in the review are all carotenoids. Short summary of carotenoids sources was presented. For the spray drying technique, a review of carrier material and process conditions was made. Moreover, a short description of some of the most suitable processes involving supercritical fluids for carotenoids (astaxanthin, β-carotene, lutein and lycopene) encapsulation was given. These include the Supercritical Antisolvent process (SAS), Particles from Gas-Saturated Solutions (PGSS), Supercritical Fluid Extraction From an Emulsion (SFEE) and Solution Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical fluids (SEDS). In most cases the studies, independently of the described method, were conducted on the laboratory scale. In some a scale-up was also tested. In the review a critical assessment of the used methods was made.
类胡萝卜素在食品工业中被用作天然食用色素。作为不稳定的天然色素，它们需要保护。这种保护可以通过微胶囊化过程来实现。有许多技术可用于类胡萝卜素的保护，但其中两种——喷雾干燥和超临界微粉化——目前是最常用的。本文的目的是描述这两种用于类胡萝卜素微胶囊化的技术。在这篇综述中，考虑了过去五年的文章中的信息。综述中描述的颜料都是类胡萝卜素。简要介绍了类胡萝卜素的来源。对于喷雾干燥技术，对载体材料和工艺条件进行了综述。此外，还简要描述了一些最适合涉及超临界流体的类胡萝卜素（虾青素、β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素和番茄红素）包封的过程，包括超临界抗溶剂法（SAS）、气体饱和溶液颗粒法（PGSS）、从乳液中超临界流体萃取法（SFEE）和超临界流体强化溶液分散法（SEDS）。在大多数情况下，研究工作（无论描述的方法如何）都是在实验室规模上进行的。在某些情况下，也测试了放大规模。在综述中，对所使用的方法进行了批判性评估。
