Zaman Sojib Bin, Hussain Muhammed Awlad, Nye Rachel, Mehta Varshil, Mamun Kazi Taib, Hossain Naznin
Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh.
Projahnmo Study Site, Johns Hopkin's University Bangladesh.
Cureus. 2017 Jun 28;9(6):e1403. doi: 10.7759/cureus.1403.
Antibiotics are the 'wonder drugs' to combat microbes. For decades, multiple varieties of antibiotics have not only been used for therapeutic purposes but practiced prophylactically across other industries such as agriculture and animal husbandry. Uncertainty has arisen, as microbes have become resistant to common antibiotics while the host remains unaware that antibiotic resistance has emerged. The aim of this review is to explore the origin, development, and the current state of antibiotic resistance, regulation, and challenges by examining available literature. We found that antibiotic resistance is increasing at an alarming rate. A growing list of infections i.e., pneumonia, tuberculosis, and gonorrhea are becoming harder and at times impossible to treat while antibiotics are becoming less effective. Antibiotic-resistant infections correlate with the level of antibiotic consumption. Non-judicial use of antibiotics is mostly responsible for making the microbes resistant. The antibiotic treatment repertoire for existing or emerging hard-to-treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections is limited, resulting in high morbidity and mortality report. This review article reiterates the optimal use of antimicrobial medicines in human and animal health to reduce antibiotic resistance. Evidence from the literature suggests that the knowledge regarding antibiotic resistance in the population is still scarce. Therefore, the need of educating patients and the public is essential to fight against the antimicrobial resistance battle.
抗生素是对抗微生物的“神奇药物”。几十年来，多种抗生素不仅用于治疗目的，还在农业和畜牧业等其他行业中预防性使用。随着微生物对常见抗生素产生耐药性，而宿主却未意识到耐药性的出现，不确定性随之产生。本综述的目的是通过查阅现有文献，探讨抗生素耐药性的起源、发展、现状、监管及挑战。我们发现抗生素耐药性正以惊人的速度增长。越来越多的感染，如肺炎、结核病和淋病，治疗难度越来越大，有时甚至无法治疗，而抗生素的效果也越来越差。抗生素耐药性感染与抗生素使用水平相关。抗生素的非合理使用是导致微生物产生耐药性的主要原因。针对现有或新出现的难以治疗的多重耐药细菌感染的抗生素治疗方法有限，导致高发病率和高死亡率报告。这篇综述文章重申了在人类和动物健康中优化使用抗菌药物以减少抗生素耐药性的重要性。文献证据表明，公众对抗生素耐药性的了解仍然很少。因此，教育患者和公众对于抗击抗菌药物耐药性至关重要。
