Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.
Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:6862439. doi: 10.1155/2017/6862439. Epub 2017 Aug 9.
Many types of innate (natural killer cells, natural killer T cells, and Kupffer cells/macrophages) and adaptive (T cells and B cells) immune cells are enriched within the liver and function in liver physiology and pathology. Liver pathology is generally induced by two types of immunologic insults: failure to eliminate antigens derived from the gastrointestinal tract which are important for host defense and an impaired tissue protective tolerance mechanism that helps reduce the negative outcomes of immunopathology. Accumulating evidence from the last several decades suggests that hepatic immune cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver injury and inflammation in humans and mice. Here, we focus on the roles of innate and adaptive immune cells in the development and maintenance of alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Additionally, the pathogenesis of liver disease and new therapeutic targets for preventing and treating alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are discussed.
许多类型的先天（自然杀伤细胞、自然杀伤 T 细胞和枯否细胞/巨噬细胞）和适应性（T 细胞和 B 细胞）免疫细胞在肝脏中富集，并在肝脏生理和病理中发挥作用。肝脏病理通常由两种免疫损伤引起：未能消除来自胃肠道的抗原，这些抗原对宿主防御很重要；以及组织保护性耐受机制受损，这有助于减少免疫病理的不良后果。过去几十年的积累证据表明，肝免疫细胞在人类和小鼠的酒精性和非酒精性肝损伤和炎症发病机制中发挥重要作用。在这里，我们重点介绍先天和适应性免疫细胞在酒精性肝病和非酒精性脂肪性肝病/非酒精性脂肪性肝炎发展和维持中的作用。此外，还讨论了肝病的发病机制以及预防和治疗酒精性肝病和非酒精性脂肪性肝病/非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的新治疗靶点。
