Evaluation of average travel delay caused by moving bottlenecks on highways.

This paper presents a modelling framework to evaluate travel delay of all vehicles influenced by moving bottlenecks on highways. During the derivation of analytical formulas, the arrival of slow vehicles was approximated by a Poisson process based on the assumption that they occupied a constant low proportion of the traffic stream. The mathematical analysis process was developed from moving bottlenecks with the same velocity to those with multiple different velocities, and the closed-form expression of expected average travel delay was obtained by utilizing kinematic-wave moving bottleneck theory, gap acceptance theory, probability theory and renewal theory. Model validation and parameters sensitive analysis were conducted by simulation relying on the open source database of US highway 10. The maximum passing rate and the macroscopic parameters of initial traffic state with maximum delay could be found by means of approximate formulas. The proposed modeling framework can be applied for evaluating impacts of slow vehicles on highway operation quantifiably, based on which traffic managements like truck prohibited period decision and speed or lane restriction could be made more scientifically.