Eatough Jones Michele, Kabashima John, Eskalen Akif, Dimson Monica, Mayorquin Joey S, Carrillo Joseph D, Hanlon Christopher C, Paine Timothy D
Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521.
University of California Cooperative Extension, 7601 Irvine Boulevard, Irvine, CA 92618.
J Econ Entomol. 2017 Aug 1;110(4):1611-1618. doi: 10.1093/jee/tox163.
A recently discovered ambrosia beetle with the proposed common name of polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp., Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is reported to attack >200 host tree species in southern California, including many important native and urban landscape trees. This invasive beetle, along with its associated fungi, causes branch dieback and tree mortality in a large variety of tree species including sycamore (Platanus racemosa Nutt.). Due to the severity of the impact of this Euwallacea sp., short-term management tools must include chemical control options for the arboriculture industry and private landowners to protect trees. We examined the effectiveness of insecticides, fungicides, and insecticide-fungicide combinations for controlling continued Euwallacea sp. attacks on previously infested sycamore trees which were monitored for 6 mo after treatment. Pesticide combinations were generally more effective than single pesticide treatments. The combination of a systemic insecticide (emamectin benzoate), a contact insecticide (bifenthrin), and a fungicide (metconazole) provided some level of control when applied on moderate and heavily infested trees. The biological fungicide Bacillus subtilis provided short-term control. There was no difference in the performance of the three triazole fungicides (propiconazole, tebuconazole, and metconazole) included in this study. Although no pesticide combination provided substantial control over time, pesticide treatments may be more effective when trees are treated during early stages of attack by this ambrosia beetle.
据报道，最近发现的一种食菌小蠹（Euwallacea sp.，鞘翅目：象甲科：小蠹亚科），其暂定通用名为多食性射孔小蠹，在南加州攻击超过200种寄主树种，包括许多重要的本土和城市景观树。这种入侵性甲虫及其相关真菌，会导致多种树种的树枝枯萎和树木死亡，包括美国梧桐（Platanus racemosa Nutt.）。由于这种食菌小蠹造成的影响严重，短期管理工具必须包括为树木栽培行业和私人土地所有者提供化学防治选项以保护树木。我们研究了杀虫剂、杀菌剂以及杀虫剂与杀菌剂组合对控制食菌小蠹持续攻击的有效性，这些药剂被施用于先前受侵染的美国梧桐树上，并在处理后监测6个月。农药组合通常比单一农药处理更有效。当将内吸性杀虫剂（甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐）、触杀性杀虫剂（联苯菊酯）和杀菌剂（丙环唑）组合施用于中度和重度侵染的树木时，能提供一定程度的防治效果。生物杀菌剂枯草芽孢杆菌能提供短期防治效果。本研究中所包含的三种三唑类杀菌剂（丙环唑、戊唑醇和丙环唑）的防治效果没有差异。尽管随着时间推移没有任何农药组合能提供实质性的防治效果，但在食菌小蠹攻击的早期阶段对树木进行处理时，农药处理可能会更有效。
