Rothen Nicolas, Meier Beat
1 Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
2 Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2018 Apr;71(4):940-948. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2017.1307867. Epub 2018 Jan 1.
The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of individual costs on prospective memory performance. Individual costs were assessed by contrasting participants with high costs and those with low costs. Specifically, we tested whether prospective memory performance is moderated by costs, cue-focality and intention specificity. Participants performed a dichotic listening paradigm where they had to indicate whether a word presented to one ear was abstract or concrete while ignoring the word presented to the other ear. For the prospective memory task, participants had to detect target items; half of them were presented focally to the same ear as the relevant words for the ongoing task and half of them were presented non-focally to the other ear. Moreover, half of the participants were given specific instructions and the other half were given categorical instructions. The results revealed a right-ear advantage for participants with low costs but not for participants with high costs. Moreover, the absence of costs was not necessarily accompanied by worse prospective memory performance. Given differential results under the same task conditions, we conclude that individual costs are an important factor which should be considered when investigating prospective memory processes.
本研究的目的是调查个体成本对前瞻性记忆表现的影响。通过对比高成本参与者和低成本参与者来评估个体成本。具体而言，我们测试了前瞻性记忆表现是否受到成本、线索聚焦性和意图特异性的调节。参与者执行了一个双耳分听范式，在该范式中，他们必须指出呈现给一只耳朵的单词是抽象的还是具体的，同时忽略呈现给另一只耳朵的单词。对于前瞻性记忆任务，参与者必须检测目标项目；其中一半目标项目与正在进行任务的相关单词一同集中呈现给同一只耳朵，另一半则非集中地呈现给另一只耳朵。此外，一半参与者收到具体指令，另一半收到分类指令。结果显示，低成本参与者存在右耳优势，而高成本参与者则没有。此外，没有成本并不一定伴随着更差的前瞻性记忆表现。鉴于在相同任务条件下出现了不同的结果，我们得出结论，在研究前瞻性记忆过程时，个体成本是一个应予以考虑的重要因素。
