Zoological Institute, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Immunol Rev. 2017 Sep;279(1):123-136. doi: 10.1111/imr.12564.
Our conventional view of multicellular organisms often overlooks the fact that they are metaorganisms. They consist of a host, which is comprised of both a community of self-replicating cells that can compete as well as cooperate and a community of associated microorganisms. This newly discovered complexity raises a profound challenge: How to maintain such a multicellular association that includes independently replicating units and even different genotypes? Here, we identify competing forces acting at the host tissue level, the host-microbe interface, and within the microbial community as key factors to maintain the metaorganism Hydra. Maintenance of host tissue integrity, as well as proper regulation and management of the multiorganismic interactions are fundamental to organismal survival and health. Findings derived from the in vivo context of the Hydra model may provide one of the simplest possible systems to address questions on how a metaorganism is established and remains in balance over time.
我们对多细胞生物的传统观点常常忽略了这样一个事实，即它们是后生生物。它们由一个宿主组成，宿主既包含可以竞争也可以合作的自我复制细胞群落，也包含相关微生物群落。这种新发现的复杂性提出了一个深刻的挑战：如何维持这样一种多细胞共生体，其中包括独立复制的单元，甚至不同的基因型？在这里，我们确定了在宿主组织水平、宿主-微生物界面以及微生物群落内部起作用的竞争力量，这些是维持后生生物水螅的关键因素。维持宿主组织完整性，以及适当调节和管理多器官相互作用，是生物体生存和健康的基础。从水螅模型的体内环境中得出的发现，可能为解决后生生物是如何建立以及如何随着时间的推移保持平衡的问题提供了最简单的可能系统之一。
