aCollege of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota bHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2017 Nov;30(6):485-490. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000368.
The investigation of the relationship between the time of day that school begins and the effects it could have on students began in the mid-1990s. Since that time, many articles have been written either for the medical literature or the educational literature. This review is intended to bridge that gap by examining together the findings for both academic and health outcomes, exploring what we know and what is needed in further investigation.
Teens who are sleep deficient (defined as obtaining less than 8 h per night) because of early starting time for their school are much more likely to engage in risky behaviours, such as drug, cigarette and alcohol use, have significant feelings of depression, get lower grades and are at greater risk for car crashes. Many studies of academic performance and later school start time indicate benefits, although further research is needed to understand the related mechanisms that contribute to improvements in achievement. Recent research in adolescent sleep and outcomes is being shaped by not only measuring sleep duration, but also examining the timing in which sleep occurs.
Early school starting time for middle and high students has a clear, deleterious effect on their health and well being. Most recently, sleep deficit in teens is being viewed as a public health issue that needs a wider discussion about its impact and it necessitates improved public education about the sleep phase shift that occurs during adolescence.
综述目的：关于学校上课时间与学生可能受到的影响之间的关系的研究始于 20 世纪 90 年代中期。自那时以来，许多文章已经发表在医学文献或教育文献中。通过共同检查学术和健康结果的发现，本综述旨在弥合这一差距，探讨我们所知道的以及进一步调查所需的内容。
最新发现：由于学校上课时间较早，睡眠不足（定义为每晚睡眠时间少于 8 小时）的青少年更有可能从事危险行为，如吸毒、吸烟和酗酒，抑郁感明显，成绩下降，发生车祸的风险更大。许多关于学习成绩和推迟上学时间的研究表明这是有益的，尽管需要进一步的研究来了解有助于提高学习成绩的相关机制。青少年睡眠与结果的最新研究不仅要测量睡眠时间，还要研究睡眠发生的时间，这正在形成。
综述总结：中学和高中学生上学时间过早，对他们的健康和幸福有明显的不利影响。最近，青少年睡眠不足被视为一个公共卫生问题，需要更广泛地讨论其影响，并需要加强公众对青少年睡眠阶段转变的教育。
