State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
J Sep Sci. 2018 Jan;41(1):351-372. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201700709. Epub 2017 Sep 27.
Lipids, which have a core function in energy storage, signalling and biofilm structures, play important roles in a variety of cellular processes because of the great diversity of their structural and physiochemical properties. Lipidomics is the large-scale profiling and quantification of biogenic lipid molecules, the comprehensive study of their pathways and the interpretation of their physiological significance based on analytical chemistry and statistical analysis. Lipidomics will not only provide insight into the physiological functions of lipid molecules but will also provide an approach to discovering important biomarkers for diagnosis or treatment of human diseases. Mass-spectrometry-based analytical techniques are currently the most widely used and most effective tools for lipid profiling and quantification. In this review, the field of mass-spectrometry-based lipidomics was discussed. Recent progress in all essential steps in lipidomics was carefully discussed in this review, including lipid extraction strategies, separation techniques and mass-spectrometry-based analytical and quantitative methods in lipidomics. We also focused on novel resolution strategies for difficult problems in determining C=C bond positions in lipidomics. Finally, new technologies that were developed in recent years including single-cell lipidomics, flux-based lipidomics and multiomics technologies were also reviewed.
脂质在能量储存、信号传递和生物膜结构中具有核心功能，由于其结构和物理化学性质的多样性，在各种细胞过程中发挥着重要作用。脂质组学是对生物源脂质分子进行大规模分析和定量、对其途径进行综合研究以及基于分析化学和统计分析来解释其生理意义的学科。脂质组学不仅可以深入了解脂质分子的生理功能，还可以为发现用于诊断或治疗人类疾病的重要生物标志物提供一种方法。基于质谱的分析技术是目前最广泛使用和最有效的脂质分析和定量工具。本综述讨论了基于质谱的脂质组学领域。本文仔细讨论了脂质组学中所有基本步骤的最新进展，包括脂质提取策略、分离技术以及基于质谱的脂质组学分析和定量方法。我们还专注于解决脂质组学中确定 C=C 键位置这一难题的新型分辨率策略。最后，还综述了近年来开发的新技术，包括单细胞脂质组学、通量脂质组学和多组学技术。
