Mrázková O
Acta Univ Carol Med Monogr. 1986;115:1-114.
Vascular bed and its relationship to differentiating muscular tissue was studied in a set of 104 upper limbs of human embryos and foetuses, gradually increasing from 10 to 120 mm C-R length. Knowledge obtained on the ontogeny of vascular bed was supplemented by findings in 75 limbs of adults treated by preparation technique. Embryonic and foetal material was treated histochemically a--to demonstrate vascular bed reaction for alkaline phosphatase (AP), ATPase, and dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV), b--to study differentiating muscular tissue for enzyme--ATPase and tetrazoliumreductase (NaDH2, c--to distinguish muscular tissue elements with toluidine blue staining for degree of maturity. Observations concerned several items, namely a--the ontogeny of main arterial trunks in the forearm and hand, b--muscle fibre type differentiation in antebrachial muscular primordia, c--formation of vascular bed as related to differentiating muscular tissue in the forearm and hand. Therefore our results are grouped as follows: ad a--Arterial trunks differentiate along with other limb structures in 12-18 mm C-R length embryos. Thus in embryos above 18 mm C-R length antebrachial and hand trunks are fully formed. Vascular trunks differentiate from deep vascular network via gradual reduction and magistralization in conformity with the general laws of haemodynamics. All arterial trunks forming in the limb during the ontogeny branch off the original axial artery in regio cubiti. In a. radialis trunk it has been ascertained that this blood vessel does not originate from a. brachialis superficialis, as generally reported, but its formation conforms to the same general principles as blood vessel trunks. So it branches off the original axial artery, as other trunks do. A. mediana formed during vascular trunks differentiation later in the ontogeny does not obliterate but changes into the constant a. comitans n. mediani. ad b--First involved in differentiation in antebrachial muscular primordia are the "fast" type fibres (according to Peter et al., 1972) (fast glycolytic-FG-type fibres followed by fast oxidative glycolytic-FOG-type fibres) in 27-30 mm C-R length embryos. "Slow" type fibres (slow oxidative-SO-type fibres) may not be demonstrated histochemically in antebrachial muscles earlier than 45 mm C-R length foetuses. The maturity of muscular elements may be demonstrated by staining with toluidine blue on cytoplasm basophilia of cells. Sarcolytic myotubes in muscular primordia histochemically display typical features which distinguish them markedly from other differentiating muscle fibres.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
在一组104个人类胚胎和胎儿的上肢中研究了血管床及其与分化中的肌肉组织的关系，这些上肢的冠臀长度从10毫米逐渐增加到120毫米。通过对75个采用制备技术处理的成人肢体的研究结果，补充了关于血管床个体发育的知识。胚胎和胎儿材料进行了组织化学处理：a——以显示血管床对碱性磷酸酶（AP）、ATP酶和二肽基肽酶IV（DPP IV）的反应；b——研究分化中的肌肉组织的ATP酶和四唑还原酶（NaDH2）；c——用甲苯胺蓝染色区分肌肉组织成分的成熟程度。观察涉及几个项目，即：a——前臂和手部主要动脉干的个体发育；b——前臂肌肉原基中肌纤维类型的分化；c——与前臂和手部分化中的肌肉组织相关的血管床形成。因此，我们的结果分为以下几类：关于a——在冠臀长度为12 - 18毫米的胚胎中，动脉干与其他肢体结构一起分化。因此，在冠臀长度超过18毫米的胚胎中，前臂和手部的动脉干完全形成。血管干通过逐渐减少和主导化从深部血管网络分化而来，这符合血液动力学的一般规律。个体发育过程中在肢体中形成的所有动脉干都从肘区的原始轴动脉分支出来。在桡动脉干中，已确定该血管并非如一般报道的那样起源于肱浅动脉，但其形成遵循与血管干相同的一般原则。所以它像其他动脉干一样从原始轴动脉分支出来。在个体发育后期血管干分化过程中形成的正中动脉不会消失，而是转变为恒定的正中神经伴行动脉。关于b——在冠臀长度为27 - 30毫米的胚胎中，前臂肌肉原基中首先参与分化的是“快”型纤维（根据彼得等人，1972年）（快糖酵解型 - FG型纤维，随后是快氧化糖酵解型 - FOG型纤维）。“慢”型纤维（慢氧化型 - SO型纤维）在前臂肌肉中，直到冠臀长度为45毫米的胎儿才可能通过组织化学方法显示出来。肌肉成分的成熟度可以通过用甲苯胺蓝对细胞胞质嗜碱性进行染色来显示。肌肉原基中的肌溶肌管在组织化学上显示出典型特征，使其与其他分化中的肌纤维明显区分开来。（摘要截取自400字）
