School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.
Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Science. 2017 Sep 1;357(6354). doi: 10.1126/science.aam8326.
Islands provide classic model biological systems. We review how growing appreciation of geoenvironmental dynamics of marine islands has led to advances in island biogeographic theory accommodating both evolutionary and ecological phenomena. Recognition of distinct island geodynamics permits general models to be developed and modified to account for patterns of diversity, diversification, lineage development, and trait evolution within and across island archipelagos. Emergent patterns of diversity include predictable variation in island species-area relationships, progression rule colonization from older to younger land masses, and syndromes including loss of dispersability and secondary woodiness in herbaceous plant lineages. Further developments in Earth system science, molecular biology, and trait data for islands hold continued promise for unlocking many of the unresolved questions in evolutionary biology and biogeography.
岛屿提供了经典的模式生物系统。我们回顾了对海洋岛屿的地球环境动力学的认识不断提高，如何促进了岛屿生物地理学理论的发展，使其既能容纳进化现象，也能容纳生态现象。对不同岛屿地球动力学的认识使得能够开发和修改通用模型，以解释多样性、多样化、谱系发展和特征进化在岛屿群岛内和之间的模式。多样性的新兴模式包括岛屿物种-面积关系中可预测的变化、从旧大陆向新大陆的渐进规则殖民化以及综合征，包括草本植物谱系中扩散能力的丧失和次生木质化。地球系统科学、分子生物学和岛屿特征数据的进一步发展，为解开进化生物学和生物地理学中许多未解决的问题提供了持续的希望。
