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大麻二酚的安全性和副作用最新进展:临床数据及相关动物研究综述

An Update on Safety and Side Effects of Cannabidiol: A Review of Clinical Data and Relevant Animal Studies.

作者信息

Iffland Kerstin, Grotenhermen Franjo

机构信息

nova-Institut, Hürth, Germany.

出版信息

Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2017 Jun 1;2(1):139-154. doi: 10.1089/can.2016.0034. eCollection 2017.

Abstract

This literature survey aims to extend the comprehensive survey performed by Bergamaschi et al. in 2011 on cannabidiol (CBD) safety and side effects. Apart from updating the literature, this article focuses on clinical studies and CBD potential interactions with other drugs. In general, the often described favorable safety profile of CBD in humans was confirmed and extended by the reviewed research. The majority of studies were performed for treatment of epilepsy and psychotic disorders. Here, the most commonly reported side effects were tiredness, diarrhea, and changes of appetite/weight. In comparison with other drugs, used for the treatment of these medical conditions, CBD has a better side effect profile. This could improve patients' compliance and adherence to treatment. CBD is often used as adjunct therapy. Therefore, more clinical research is warranted on CBD action on hepatic enzymes, drug transporters, and interactions with other drugs and to see if this mainly leads to positive or negative effects, for example, reducing the needed clobazam doses in epilepsy and therefore clobazam's side effects. This review also illustrates that some important toxicological parameters are yet to be studied, for example, if CBD has an effect on hormones. Additionally, more clinical trials with a greater number of participants and longer chronic CBD administration are still lacking.

摘要

本文献综述旨在扩展贝加马斯基等人在2011年对大麻二酚(CBD)安全性和副作用所做的全面综述。除了更新文献外,本文还着重于临床研究以及CBD与其他药物的潜在相互作用。总体而言,综述研究证实并扩展了人们常描述的CBD在人体中的良好安全性。大多数研究是针对癫痫和精神障碍的治疗进行的。在此,最常报告的副作用是疲劳、腹泻以及食欲/体重变化。与用于治疗这些病症的其他药物相比,CBD具有更好的副作用情况。这可能会提高患者对治疗的依从性。CBD常被用作辅助治疗。因此,有必要针对CBD对肝酶、药物转运体的作用以及与其他药物的相互作用开展更多临床研究,以了解这主要会产生正面还是负面影响,例如,减少癫痫患者所需的氯巴占剂量,从而减轻氯巴占的副作用。本综述还表明,一些重要的毒理学参数仍有待研究,例如,CBD是否对激素有影响。此外,仍缺乏更多参与者数量更多、长期服用CBD的临床试验。

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