Lok Appana, Bérubé Pierre R, Andrews Robert C
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A4, Canada.
Department of Civil Engineering, Universityof British Columbia; Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Membranes (Basel). 2017 Sep 1;7(3):50. doi: 10.3390/membranes7030050.
Bench-scale systems are often used to evaluate pretreatment methods and operational conditions that can be applied in full-scale ultrafiltration (UF) systems. However, the membrane packing density is substantially different in bench and full-scale systems. Differences in concentration factor (CF) at the solution-membrane interface as a result of packing density may impact the mass transfer and fouling rate and the applicability of bench-scale systems. The present study compared membrane resistance when considering raw water (CF = 1) and reject water (also commonly referred to as concentrate water) (CF > 1) as feed in UF systems operated in deposition (dead-end) mode. A positive relationship was observed between the concentration of the organic matter in the solution being filtered and resistance. Bench-scale trials conducted with CF = 1 water were more representative of full-scale operation than trials conducted with elevated CFs when considering membrane resistance and permeate quality. As such, the results of this study indicate that the use of the same feed water as used at full-scale (CF = 1) is appropriate to evaluate fouling in UF systems operated in deposition mode.
实验室规模的系统通常用于评估可应用于全尺寸超滤（UF）系统的预处理方法和运行条件。然而，实验室规模和全尺寸系统中的膜填充密度存在显著差异。由于填充密度导致的溶液-膜界面处的浓缩因子（CF）差异可能会影响传质和污垢形成速率以及实验室规模系统的适用性。本研究比较了在以沉积（死端）模式运行的超滤系统中，将原水（CF = 1）和浓水（也通常称为浓缩水）（CF > 1）作为进料时的膜阻力。在被过滤溶液中的有机物浓度与阻力之间观察到正相关关系。当考虑膜阻力和渗透液质量时，用CF = 1的水进行的实验室规模试验比用升高的CF进行的试验更能代表全尺寸运行。因此，本研究结果表明，使用与全尺寸相同的进水（CF = 1）来评估以沉积模式运行的超滤系统中的污垢情况是合适的。
