Li Ni, Chen Qi, Zhu Jie, Wang Xing, Huang Jian-Bin, Huang Guo-Hua
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Changsha, China.
College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
PLoS One. 2017 Sep 1;12(9):e0184149. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184149. eCollection 2017.
Parapoynx crisonalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a major pest of aquatic vegetables and aquatic landscape plants. It has been responsible for causing considerable economic damage to water chestnut (Trapa natans) plants. In the Changsha vicinity of China, P. crisonalis has five generations a year. Populations of P. crisonalis were relatively low in April and began to rapidly rise at the beginning of May. At the end of July and early August, the population dropped dramatically. A rebound occurred at the end of August and early September, which was referred to as the second population peak. From then, until early November, the P. crisonalis population steadily diminished in preparation for overwintering. The primary factors influencing the seasonal dynamics of P. crisonalis were the climatic conditions, especially the temperature, and secondarily precipitation. Between May and October, the P. crisonalis adults were evenly distributed in the pond. In May and June, the eggs of P. crisonalis were present in an aggregate distribution, due to the effects of environmental heterogeneity. In July and August, however, they were found to be in a uniform distribution.
藕蛀野螟（Walker，1859年）（鳞翅目：草螟科）是水生蔬菜和水生景观植物的主要害虫。它对菱角（Trapa natans）植株造成了相当大的经济损失。在中国长沙附近，藕蛀野螟一年发生五代。藕蛀野螟的种群数量在4月相对较低，5月初开始迅速上升。7月底和8月初，种群数量急剧下降。8月底和9月初出现反弹，这被称为第二个种群高峰。从那时起，直到11月初，藕蛀野螟的种群数量稳步减少，为越冬做准备。影响藕蛀野螟季节动态的主要因素是气候条件，尤其是温度，其次是降水。5月至10月间，藕蛀野螟成虫在池塘中分布均匀。5月和6月，由于环境异质性的影响，藕蛀野螟的卵呈聚集分布。然而，在7月和8月，发现它们呈均匀分布。
