Iwatsuki Takehiro, Abdollahipour Reza, Psotta Rudolf, Lewthwaite Rebecca, Wulf Gabriele
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, United States.
Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Hum Mov Sci. 2017 Oct;55:264-268. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.08.016. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
Performer autonomy (or self-control) has consistently been shown to enhance motor learning, and it can also provide immediate benefits for motor performance. Autonomy is also a key variable in the OPTIMAL theory of motor learning (Wulf & Lewthwaite, 2016). It is assumed to contribute to enhanced expectancies and goal-action coupling, affecting performance effectiveness and efficiency. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether providing autonomy support by giving performers choices would enhance their ability to maintain maximum force levels. Participants were asked to repeatedly produce maximum forces using a hand dynamometer. After 2 initial trials with the dominant and non-dominant hand, stratified randomization was used to assign participants with the same average maximum force to one of two groups, choice or yoked control groups. Choice group participants were able to choose the order of hands (dominant, non-dominant) on the remaining trials (3 per hand). For control group participants, hand order was determined by choice-group counterparts. Maximum forces decreased significantly across trials in the control group, whereas choice group participants were able to maintain the maximum forces produced on the first trial. We interpret these findings as evidence that performer autonomy promotes movement efficiency. The results are in line with the view that autonomy facilitates the coupling of goals and actions (Wulf & Lewthwaite, 2016).
表演者的自主性（或自我控制）一直被证明能提高运动学习能力，并且它还能为运动表现带来即时益处。自主性也是运动学习的最优理论（伍尔夫和卢思韦特，2016）中的一个关键变量。据推测，它有助于增强期望和目标 - 行动的耦合，从而影响表现的有效性和效率。本研究的目的是检验给予表演者选择从而提供自主性支持是否会增强他们维持最大力量水平的能力。参与者被要求使用握力计反复产生最大力量。在对优势手和非优势手进行2次初始试验后，采用分层随机化将平均最大力量相同的参与者分配到两个组之一，即选择组或配对对照组。选择组的参与者能够在剩余试验（每只手3次）中选择手的顺序（优势手、非优势手）。对于对照组的参与者，手的顺序由选择组的对应人员决定。对照组中，最大力量在试验过程中显著下降，而选择组的参与者能够维持第一次试验时产生的最大力量。我们将这些发现解释为表演者自主性促进运动效率的证据。这些结果与自主性促进目标和行动耦合的观点一致（伍尔夫和卢思韦特，2016）。
