Samek Lucyna, Furman Leszek, Mikrut Magdalena, Regiel-Futyra Anna, Macyk Wojciech, Stochel Grażyna, van Eldik Rudi
Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-UST University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-UST University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
Chemosphere. 2017 Nov;187:430-439. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.090. Epub 2017 Aug 30.
Submicron particulate matter containing particles with an aerodynamic diameter ≤1 μm (PM1) are not monitored continuously by Environmental Protection Agencies around the World and are seldom studied. Numerous studies have indicated that people exposed to ultrafine (≤100 nm), submicron and fine particulate matter containing particles with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), can suffer from respiratory track diseases, cardiovascular, immunological or heart diseases and others. Inorganic pollutants containing redox active transition metals and small gaseous molecules, are involved in the generation of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Inhalation of this kind of particles can affect immune-toxicity. Environmental pollution may aggravate the course of autoimmune diseases, in particular influence the mechanisms of the autoimmune system. Important factors that influence the toxicity of particulate matter, are particle size distribution, composition and concentration. This report deals with the composition of PM1 and PM2.5 fractions collected in Krakow, Poland. In spring 2015, the mean concentrations of PM1 and PM2.5 were 19 ± 14 and 27 ± 19 μg/m, respectively. The PM2.5 fraction contained approximately 70 ± 17% of submicron particulate matter. In spring 2016, the mean concentrations of PM1 and PM2.5 were 12 ± 5 and 22 ± 12 μg/m, respectively. The PM2.5 fraction contained approximately 60 ± 15% of submicron particulate matter. The concentrations of the elements Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr and Pb in both fractions were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Most of the analyzed metals had higher concentrations in the fine fraction than in the submicron one. Concentrations of V and As were below the detection limit in both fractions, whereas concentrations of Mn and Ca were below the detection limits in the PM1 fraction. The results are discussed in terms of the consequences they may have on the APARIC project presently underway in Krakow.
全球环境保护机构并未对包含空气动力学直径≤1微米颗粒（PM1）的亚微米颗粒物进行连续监测，且相关研究甚少。大量研究表明，暴露于超细（≤100纳米）、亚微米以及包含空气动力学直径≤2.5微米颗粒（PM2.5）的细颗粒物中的人群，可能会患上呼吸道疾病、心血管疾病、免疫性疾病或心脏病等。含有氧化还原活性过渡金属和小气态分子的无机污染物，参与了活性氧和活性氮物质的生成。吸入这类颗粒会影响免疫毒性。环境污染可能会加重自身免疫性疾病的病程，尤其会影响自身免疫系统的机制。影响颗粒物毒性的重要因素包括粒径分布、成分和浓度。本报告探讨了在波兰克拉科夫采集的PM1和PM2.5组分的成分。2015年春季，PM1和PM2.5的平均浓度分别为19±14和27±19微克/立方米。PM2.5组分中约含70±17%的亚微米颗粒物。2016年春季，PM1和PM2.5的平均浓度分别为12±5和22±12微克/立方米。PM2.5组分中约含60±15%的亚微米颗粒物。通过X射线荧光光谱法测定了两个组分中Cl、K、Ca、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Br、Rb、Sr和Pb等元素的浓度。大多数分析的金属在细颗粒组分中的浓度高于亚微米颗粒组分。两个组分中V和As的浓度均低于检测限，而PM1组分中Mn和Ca的浓度低于检测限。将根据这些结果对目前正在克拉科夫开展的APARIC项目可能产生的影响进行讨论。
