Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2017 Dec;188:32-48. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.076. Epub 2017 Aug 22.
Humans are exposed to various complex mixtures of particulate matter (PM) from different sources. Long-term exposure to high levels of these particulates has been linked to a diverse range of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases that have resulted in hospital admission. The evaluation of the effects of PM exposure on the mechanisms related to cell death has been a challenge for many researchers. Therefore, in this review, we have discussed the effects of airborne PM exposure on mechanisms related to cell death. For this purpose, we have compiled literature data on PM sources, the effects of exposure, and the assays and models used for evaluation, in order to establish comparisons between various studies. The analysis of this collected data suggested divergent responses to PM exposure that resulted in different cell death types (apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis). In addition, PM induced oxidative stress within cells, which appeared to be an important factor in the determination of cell fate. When the levels of reactive oxygen species were overpowering, the cellular fate was directed toward cell death. This may be the underlying mechanism of the development or exacerbation of respiratory diseases, such as emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. In addition, PM was shown to cause DNA damage and the resulting mutations increased the risk of cancer. Furthermore, several conditions should be considered in the assessment of cell death in PM-exposed models, including the cell culture line, PM composition, and the interaction of the different cells types in in vivo models.
人类会暴露在来自不同来源的各种复杂的颗粒物（PM）混合物中。长期暴露于这些颗粒物的高水平下与多种呼吸道和心血管疾病有关，这些疾病导致了住院治疗。评估 PM 暴露对与细胞死亡相关的机制的影响对许多研究人员来说是一个挑战。因此，在这篇综述中，我们讨论了空气中 PM 暴露对与细胞死亡相关的机制的影响。为此，我们汇编了关于 PM 来源、暴露效应以及用于评估的检测和模型的文献数据，以便在各种研究之间进行比较。对这些收集到的数据的分析表明，对 PM 暴露的反应存在差异，导致了不同的细胞死亡类型（细胞凋亡、自噬和坏死）。此外，PM 会在细胞内引起氧化应激，这似乎是决定细胞命运的一个重要因素。当活性氧的水平过高时，细胞的命运就会指向细胞死亡。这可能是发展或恶化呼吸道疾病（如肺气肿和慢性阻塞性肺疾病）的潜在机制。此外，PM 被证明会导致 DNA 损伤，由此产生的突变增加了患癌症的风险。此外，在评估暴露于 PM 的模型中的细胞死亡时，应考虑几个条件，包括细胞培养系、PM 成分以及体内模型中不同细胞类型的相互作用。
