Andersson Lena M C, Twum-Antwi Akwasi, Staland-Nyman Carin, van Rooyen Dalena Rm
Department of Social Work, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Resilience Research Centre, School of Social Work, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
Health Soc Care Community. 2018 Jan;26(1):e143-e153. doi: 10.1111/hsc.12487. Epub 2017 Sep 4.
There is growing concern about alcohol problems in low- and middle-income countries. More research is required, particularly among the younger generation. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of alcohol disorders and associated socioeconomic characteristics among young men and women living in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. This was a cross-sectional population-based study of 977 participants (52% male and 48% female) aged 18-40, the majority of whom lived in low-income areas. Data collection was carried out in 2012 by trained fieldworkers. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (DSM-IV) was used to investigate the prevalence of alcohol dependence (increased tolerance to alcohol, failed attempt to cut down, risk of physical and mental effects) and alcohol abuse (harmful use, consistent intoxication, risk behaviour, physically hazardous, social problems). A high 12-month prevalence of alcohol dependence was found (26.5% in total; 39.0% among men and 19.1% among women) as well as of alcohol abuse (9% in total; 19.0% among men and 6.0% among women). Few socioeconomic differences emerged among the men, except older men (OR 1.94, CI 1.11-3.42) and those supported by social grants (OR 2.28, CI 1.06-4.93), who presented higher odd ratios for alcohol dependence than the reference groups. Among the women, more differences emerged: women who were widowed/single (OR 2.35, CI 1.20-4.62), had no education (OR 3.41, CI 1.04-11.21), had a low income (OR 3.26, CI 1.55-6.80) and had no social support from friends when ill presented higher odd ratios (OR 1.73, CI 1.07-2.80). In the adjusted model, marital status and low income remained statistically significant. With regard to alcohol abuse, fewer socioeconomic differences emerged. Interventions need to address the early onset of alcohol misuse in order to meet both current needs and long-standing mental and physical illness.
低收入和中等收入国家对酒精问题的担忧日益增加。需要开展更多研究，尤其是针对年轻一代。本研究的目的是调查南非东开普省18至40岁年轻男性和女性中酒精障碍的患病率及其相关的社会经济特征。这是一项基于人群的横断面研究，共有977名参与者（男性占52%，女性占48%），他们大多生活在低收入地区。2012年由经过培训的现场工作人员进行数据收集。使用迷你国际神经精神访谈（DSM-IV）来调查酒精依赖（对酒精耐受性增加、减少饮酒尝试失败、存在身心影响风险）和酒精滥用（有害使用、持续醉酒、危险行为、身体危害、社会问题）的患病率。结果发现酒精依赖的12个月患病率很高（总体为26.5%；男性为39.0%，女性为19.1%），酒精滥用的患病率也很高（总体为9%；男性为19.0%，女性为6.0%）。男性中除了年龄较大的男性（比值比1.94，置信区间1.11 - 3.42）和领取社会补助金的男性（比值比2.28，置信区间1.06 - 4.93）外，社会经济差异较少，这两类男性的酒精依赖比值比高于参照组。在女性中，差异更多：丧偶/单身的女性（比值比2.35，置信区间1.20 - 4.62）、未受过教育的女性（比值比3.41，置信区间1.04 - 11.21）、低收入女性（比值比3.26，置信区间1.55 - 6.80）以及生病时没有朋友提供社会支持的女性（比值比1.73，置信区间1.07 - 2.80）的比值比更高。在调整模型中，婚姻状况和低收入仍然具有统计学意义。关于酒精滥用，社会经济差异较少。干预措施需要解决酒精滥用的早期发病问题，以满足当前需求以及长期的身心健康问题。
