Haken Hermann
Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center of Synergetics, Pfaffenwaldring 57/4, Stuttgart University, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2017 Sep 2;7(3):61. doi: 10.3390/bs7030061.
I deal with perception and action (e.g., movements) using results from synergetics, a comprehensive mathematical theory of the self-organized formation (emergence) of spatial, temporal, or functional structures in complex systems. I illustrate basic concepts such as order parameters (OPs), enslavement, complexity reduction, circular causality first by examples of well-known collective, spontaneous modes of human behavior such as rhythmic clapping of hands, and so forth, and then by face recognition. The role played by OPs depends on context. In the case of face (or pattern) recognition an OP represents the concept of an individual face (action of mind) and it enslaves the action (firing rates) of neurons (body). This insight allows me to interpret syndromes as order parameters playing their mind/body double role. I present criteria for the identification of OPs and discuss their general properties including error correction and remedy of deficiencies. Contact is made with a recent paper by Sabine Koch on embodied aesthetics. My approach includes the saturation of attention at various time scales (ambiguous figures/fashion). Adopting a psychological perspective, I discuss some ingredients of beauty such as proportionality and symmetry, but also the importance of irregularities.
我运用协同学的成果来处理感知与行动（例如运动），协同学是一门关于复杂系统中空间、时间或功能结构自组织形成（涌现）的综合数学理论。我首先通过一些为人熟知的人类集体自发行为模式的例子，如有节奏地鼓掌等，然后通过面部识别，来说明诸如序参量（OPs）、役使、复杂性降低、循环因果关系等基本概念。序参量所起的作用取决于具体情境。在面部（或模式）识别的情况下，一个序参量代表个体面部的概念（心智的作用），并且它役使神经元（身体）的活动（ firing rates）。这一见解使我能够将综合征解释为发挥其心智/身体双重作用的序参量。我提出了识别序参量的标准，并讨论了它们的一般属性，包括误差校正和缺陷补救。本文与Sabine Koch最近一篇关于具身美学的论文建立了联系。我的方法包括在各种时间尺度上（模糊图形/时尚）注意力的饱和。从心理学角度出发，我讨论了美的一些要素，如比例和对称，同时也讨论了不规则性的重要性。
