Harvard University.
Child Dev. 2017 Sep;88(5):1701-1715. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12658. Epub 2016 Nov 7.
Pictorial symbols such as photographs, drawings, and maps are ubiquitous in modern cultures. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how children relate these symbols to the scenes that they represent. The present work investigates 4-year-old children's (N = 144) sensitivity to extended surface layouts and objects when using drawings of a room to find locations in that room. Children used either extended surfaces or objects when interpreting drawings, but they did not combine these two types of information to disambiguate target locations. Moreover, children's evaluations of drawings depicting surfaces or objects did not align with their use of such information in those drawings. These findings suggest that pictures of all kinds serve as media in which children deploy symbolic spatial skills flexibly and automatically.
图形符号，如图像、图画和地图，在现代文化中无处不在。然而，目前尚不清楚儿童如何将这些符号与他们所代表的场景联系起来。本研究调查了 4 岁儿童（N=144）在使用房间的图画来寻找房间中目标位置时，对扩展表面布局和物体的敏感性。儿童在解释图画时使用了扩展的表面或物体，但他们并没有将这两种类型的信息结合起来以消除目标位置的歧义。此外，儿童对描绘表面或物体的图画的评价与他们在这些图画中使用这些信息的方式并不一致。这些发现表明，各种类型的图片都可以作为媒介，儿童可以灵活和自动地运用符号空间技能。
