Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Departamento de Cirurgia, Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Urologia (NIPU), Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Departamento de Pediatria, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Departamento de Cirurgia, Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Urologia (NIPU), Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2018 May-Jun;94(3):286-292. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.06.011. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
Children with Down syndrome have delayed psychomotor development, which is a factor that influences the level of difficulty in toilet training. The current study aims to estimate the age toilet training starts and completes in children with DS compared to children with normal psychomotor development and to evaluate the method and type of toilet training most frequently used, as well as its association with lower urinary tract symptoms and functional constipation.
A case-control study was carried out from 2010 to 2015. All parents completed a questionnaire designed to assess the toilet training process. Lower urinary tract symptoms were assessed through the application of the Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score. The presence of functional constipation was assessed according to the Rome III criteria.
The study included 93 children with Down syndrome and 204 children with normal psychomotor development (control group [CG]). The mean age of toilet training onset was 22.8 months in those with DS and 17.5 months in the CG (p=0.001). In children with DS, the mean age when completing toilet training was 56.2 months and 27.1 months in the CG (p=0.001). Among children with DS, females completed toilet training earlier (p=0.02). The toilet training method used most often was child-oriented approach in both groups. No association was observed with the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms or functional constipation and the age of beginning and completing toilet training in both groups.
Children with Down syndrome experienced prolonged toilet training time. Prospective longitudinal studies are essential to gain insight into the toilet training of these children.
唐氏综合征患儿存在精神运动发育迟缓，这是影响如厕训练难度的一个因素。本研究旨在评估唐氏综合征患儿与精神运动发育正常的患儿相比，如厕训练开始和完成的年龄，并评估最常使用的如厕训练方法和类型，及其与下尿路症状和功能性便秘的关系。
这是一项从 2010 年到 2015 年开展的病例对照研究。所有家长都完成了一份调查问卷，旨在评估如厕训练过程。下尿路症状通过应用排尿功能障碍症状评分进行评估。根据罗马 III 标准评估功能性便秘的存在。
研究纳入了 93 例唐氏综合征患儿和 204 例精神运动发育正常的患儿（对照组）。唐氏综合征患儿如厕训练开始的平均年龄为 22.8 个月，对照组为 17.5 个月（p=0.001）。唐氏综合征患儿完成如厕训练的平均年龄为 56.2 个月，对照组为 27.1 个月（p=0.001）。在唐氏综合征患儿中，女性完成如厕训练的时间更早（p=0.02）。两组中最常使用的如厕训练方法都是以儿童为导向的方法。两组中，下尿路症状或功能性便秘的存在与如厕训练开始和完成的年龄均无相关性。
唐氏综合征患儿如厕训练时间延长。需要开展前瞻性纵向研究，以深入了解这些患儿的如厕训练情况。
